Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining
"Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining" by John S. Hittell is a historical account written in the mid-19th century. The book primarily discusses the booming industry of gold mining in California, outlining the methods, materials, and techniques used in extracting gold at that time. It serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the landscape of mining operations, the economic significance of gold in California, and the different classifications of mining practices. The opening of the work details the importance of mining as California's chief industry, noting how it employs a significant number of workers and generates substantial revenues. Hittell explains the classifications of mines, particularly focusing on placer versus quartz mining, and describes the methods employed, such as washing pay-dirt and the use of sluices and amalgamation with quicksilver to capture gold particles. The text also highlights the ongoing decline in gold production following the initial boom, providing insights into both the booming businesses and the challenges faced by miners as the wealth of the mines began to diminish.