Author
Valmiki
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Books by Valmiki
The Rámáyan of Válmíki, translated into English verse
"The Rámáyan of Válmíki," translated into English verse by Ralph T. H. Griffith, is an epic poem that retells the ancient Indian narrative originally attributed to the sage Válmíki, likely composed in an early period of Indian literature. The text focuses on the life and adventures of Prince Ráma, who embarks on a journey of duty, love, and conflict after being exiled from his kingdom due to a series of treacherous royal intrigues. The narrative encompasses themes of righteousness, devotion, and the nature of good versus evil, featuring key figures such as Ráma, Lakshman, and Sítá. The opening of this monumental work begins with an invocation praising Válmíki and highlights the essential virtues of Ráma. It introduces the key themes of heroism and virtue, as well as setting the stage for the conflict that follows Ráma's banishment. Following the initial poetic praise, the narrative portrays Ráma's life in the royal city of Ayodhyá, the impending tragedy of his exile orchestrated by Kaikeyí's jealousy, and the deep bond of loyalty between him and his brother Lakshman, who chooses to accompany him into exile. This introduction deftly establishes the initial conflict and Ráma's character while foreshadowing the trials he will face, igniting the reader's interest in this timeless tale of love, honor, and sacrifice.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 1 (of 4)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 1 (of 4)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text composed between the 10th and 14th centuries. Structured as a dialogue between sage Vasistha and Prince Rama, this influential Hindu work explores liberation through self-effort and meditation. Spanning over 29,000 verses across six books, it weaves profound teachings on non-duality, consciousness, and existence through stories and fables, blending perspectives from Advaita Vedanta, Buddhism, and Kashmiri Shaivism into a grand spiritual journey.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 3 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 3 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text composed between the 10th and 14th centuries. Structured as sage Vasistha's discourse to Prince Rama, this work explores liberation through self-effort and meditation. Blending influences from Buddhism, Jainism, and Kashmiri Shaivism, it expounds principles of Maya, Brahman, and non-duality through cosmological teachings embedded in stories and fables, presenting a philosophical foundation similar to Advaita Vedanta.
The Rāmāyana, Volume 4. Uttara Kānda
"The Rāmāyana, Volume 4. Uttara Kānda" by Valmiki is an epic poem from ancient Indian literature, composed during a time period that can be estimated to be between the 5th century BCE and the 4th century CE. This significant text forms part of the larger Rāmāyana epic, which tells the story of Lord Rama, a prince of Ayodhya, his wife Sita, and his loyal companion Lakshmana. In this volume, the narrative primarily centers around themes of dharma (duty/righteousness), heroism, and the complex dynamics of good and evil, as experienced through the characters' interactions and challenges, particularly focusing on the aftermath of Ram's conflict with Ravana. The opening of this volume introduces the aftermath of significant events, including the slaying of the Rākshasas. Various ascetics come to praise Rama for regaining his kingdom, emphasizing his might and the righteousness of his actions. During these interactions, the text delves into a conversation about the powerful foes defeated by Rama, especially the Rākshasa Indrajit, and questions arise regarding how Indrajit managed to achieve such prowess. As Rama expresses curiosity about these events and the lineage of the Rākshasas, the sage Agastya begins to recount the origins of the Rākshasa lineage, discussing their progenitors and the historical background of their antagonism against the celestial beings. This opening sets the stage for conflicts that explore the themes of divine intervention, destiny, and the battle between good and evil that pervades the Rāmāyana.
The Rāmāyana, Volume 2. Āranya, Kishkindhā, and Sundara Kāndam
"The Rāmāyana, Volume 2. Āranya, Kishkindhā, and Sundara Kāndam" by Valmiki is an ancient epic narrative, likely composed in the early centuries of the Common Era. The work recounts the adventures of Lord Rāma, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana as they navigate the challenges of life in the forest of Dandaka. This volume particularly dives into themes of duty, righteousness, and the trials faced by the characters, portraying the trials faced by Rāma as he grapples with his destiny and moral obligations. The opening of this volume sets the stage for Rāma, Sita, and Lakshmana as they enter the Dandaka forest, encountering various ascetics and the dangers that inhabit it. Upon witnessing the asylums of the ascetics, Rāma is struck by their beauty and spiritual energy. The trio visits the dwellings of the ascetics, where they are received with respect; however, the harmony is soon disrupted when they confront Virādha, a fearsome Rākshasa. Rāma's compassion for the ascetics leads him to take action against the threatening creature. This segment introduces the abundance of nature and the stark contrast of danger in the forest, establishing a narrative foundation rich in vivid descriptions and moral undertones that continue throughout the epic.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 2 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 2 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)" by Valmiki is an ancient Sanskrit philosophical text. Prince Rama returns to Ayodhya profoundly disenchanted with worldly existence, finding no joy in wealth or power. Concerned, King Dasaratha seeks guidance from sage Vasistha, who begins a transformative dialogue with Rama about liberation through self-knowledge. Through stories spanning creation, existence, dissolution, and liberation, the text explores the path toward spiritual awakening and freedom from illusion.
The Rāmāyana, Volume 1. Bālakāndam and Ayodhyākāndam
"The Rāmāyana, Volume 1. Bālakāndam and Ayodhyākāndam" by Valmiki is a Sanskrit epic with its earliest portions composed between the 7th and 5th centuries BCE. This ancient Hindu text follows Prince Rama's fourteen-year exile from his kingdom of Ayodhya, accompanied by his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana. Their forest journey leads to Sita's kidnapping by Ravana, king of Lanka, setting in motion a conflict that will test virtue, loyalty, and duty before Rama's eventual return home.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 2 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 2 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text with a focus on ontology and existence, likely written in a historical time period spanning several centuries ago within ancient Indian literature. This profound work serves to explore the nature of reality, self, and consciousness, primarily through dialogues involving the character Rāma and spiritual discussions led by Sage Vasishtha. The opening of this volume sets the foundation for profound philosophical inquiries, beginning with the exploration of existence and its relationship with the mind. Vasishtha articulates that the world and our perceptions of it are mere constructs of the mind—illusionary in nature—drawing parallels with dreams, mirages, and artistic representations to elucidate the essence of reality. As the discussion unfolds with Rāma questioning the nature of existence, the text delves deeply into themes like the interplay between ignorance and knowledge, the nature of consciousness, and the cyclical pattern of birth and rebirth, providing a rich tapestry of philosophical thought for the reader to contemplate.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 4 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 4 (of 4), Part 2 (of 2)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text composed between the 5th and 14th centuries. Presented as a dialogue between sage Vasistha and Prince Rama, this expansive work explores the pursuit of liberation through self-effort and meditation. Containing over 29,000 verses, it weaves cosmology and metaphysical teachings into stories and fables, expounding principles of non-duality, Maya, and Brahman while incorporating influences from Buddhism, Jainism, and Kashmiri Shaivism.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol 4 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol 4 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text dated to between the 10th and 14th centuries. Structured as sage Vasistha's discourse to Prince Rama, this work explores liberation through self-effort and meditation. Containing over 29,000 verses across six books, it weaves cosmology and metaphysical teachings into stories and fables, expounding principles of non-duality, Maya, and Brahman while incorporating influences from Advaita Vedanta, Buddhism, and Kashmiri Shaivism.
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 3 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)
"The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 3 (of 4), Part 1 (of 2)" by Valmiki is a philosophical text composed between the 10th and 14th centuries. Presented as a dialogue between sage Vasistha and Prince Rama, this influential Hindu work explores liberation through self-effort and meditation. With over 29,000 verses across six books, it weaves profound teachings on Maya, Brahman, and non-duality into stories and fables, drawing from Advaita Vedanta, Buddhism, and Kashmiri Shaivism traditions.
The Rāmāyana, Volume 3. Yuddhakāndam
"The Rāmāyana, Volume 3. Yuddhakāndam" by Valmiki is an ancient epic narrative possibly composed in the early centuries of AD, renowned for its profound narrative style and rich moral discourse. This volume, which focuses on the Yuddhakāndam or "Book of War," details the intense conflict between Lord Rāma and the demon king Rāvana over the abduction of Sita, Rāma's wife. Central characters include Rāma, the heroic prince, his loyal brother Lakshmana, and the valiant monkey-god Hanumān, whose strength and devotion play pivotal roles in the unfolding saga. At the start of this volume, Rāma expresses his deep admiration for Hanumān after hearing about his audacious mission to locate Sita in the demon city of Lankā. Despite the news of Sita's whereabouts uplifting his spirits, Rāma is weighed down by the daunting task of crossing the vast ocean to rescue her. In the ensuing dialogue, Sugriva encourages Rāma to initiate a plan to build a bridge to Lankā, outlining the formidable defenses of the city. The chapter reveals the characters' strategic discussions and emotions, particularly Rāma's anguish for Sita and the preparations for the impending battle, setting the stage for a monumental showdown between good and evil.
Le Râmâyana - tome premier Poème sanscrit de Valmiky
"Le Râmâyana - tome premier" by Valmiki is a Sanskrit epic composed between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE. This ancient Hindu text follows Prince Rama's fourteen-year exile to the forest, accompanied by his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana. Their journey takes a dramatic turn when Ravana, king of Lanka, kidnaps Sita, triggering a violent conflict. The epic explores the duties of relationships and portrays ideal characters, teaching lessons about virtue essential to both personal life and the formation of a just society.
Le Râmâyana - tome second Poème sanscrit de Valmiky
"Le Râmâyana - tome second" by Valmiki is a Sanskrit epic composed between the 7th–5th centuries BCE. This ancient Hindu text follows Prince Rama's fourteen-year forest exile with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana. The narrative centers on Sita's kidnapping by Ravana, the king of Lanka, leading to war and bloodshed. The epic explores the duties of relationships and portrays ideal characters, interspersing philosophical teachings with adventure. It depicts virtue's importance in both personal life and society.
Morte de Yaginadatta Episodio do poema epico - O Ramayana
"Morte de Yaginadatta" by Valmiki and Cândido de Figueiredo is an adaptation of an episode from the epic poem the "Ramayana," translated into Portuguese during the late 19th century. This work serves as a poetic rendition that captures a poignant moment from Indian literary tradition, likely revolving around themes of fate, remorse, and the profound emotional weight of loss. The story centers around the tragic event in which a king, Daçaratha, accidentally kills the son of a hermit, Yaginadatta, while hunting. Overcome with guilt and grief, Daçaratha seeks to find and comfort the parents of the young victim, who were reliant on their son for support. The narrative unfolds with the deep sorrow of the grieving parents, particularly as the father learns of his son's death and laments not just the loss of Yaginadatta but also the desolation that will ensue for both him and his blind wife. Ultimately, the episode presents a grave exploration of unintended consequences, the duties of a ruler, and the weight of sorrow in human experiences, culminating in the hermit's blessing and a heavy moral reflection on fate and responsibility.