God and the State

by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin

"God and the State" by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin is a philosophical treatise written in the late 19th century. The work explores the relationship between religion, authority, and human freedom, arguing passionately against the divine and state authorities that enslave humanity. It discusses the historical development and societal impacts of these institutions, positioning Bakunin as a fervent advocate for anarchism and revolutionary socialism. The beginning of "God and the State" establishes Bakunin's fundamental thesis: that the divine and state authorities exist to maintain oppression and deny human freedom. He critiques the notion of God as a jealous and tyrannical force, suggesting that the concept of deity has historically justified the subjugation of mankind. He emphasizes that true emancipation arises not from divine inspiration but from rebellion, self-awareness, and collective action against oppressive structures. The text sets a confrontational tone, debunking idealistic philosophies and asserting the necessity of social revolution for human liberation.