Lucifer: Treurspel

by Joost van den Vondel

"Lucifer: Treurspel" by Joost van den Vondel is a tragedy written between 1648 and 1654. Set in heaven, the play depicts Lucifer's rebellion when God elevates humanity above the angels. Led by jealous steward Lucifer, the uprising ends when archangel Michael casts the rebels from heaven. In revenge, Lucifer descends to earth and tempts the first human couple into sin. The play premiered in Amsterdam in 1654 but was banned after just two performances following objections from church authorities.