Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 3 of 3
 I. Agorè: Polities of the Homeric Age. II. Ilios: Trojans and Greeks Compared. III. Thalassa: The Outer Geography. IV. Aoidos: Some Points of the Poetry of Homer.

by W. E. (William Ewart) Gladstone

"Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 3 of 3" by W. E. Gladstone is a scholarly work published in 1858. Written by a future British Prime Minister trained as a classicist, this volume explores ancient Greek literature and culture. Most notably, Gladstone analyzes Homer's peculiar color descriptions—purple blood, wine-dark seas—suggesting ancient Greeks perceived color differently than modern readers. His controversial theories sparked debate about whether Homer's contemporaries categorized colors by lightness and darkness rather than hue.