The Accumulation of Capital

by Rosa Luxemburg

"The Accumulation of Capital" by Rosa Luxemburg is a book published in 1913. Luxemburg challenges Marx's theories by arguing that capitalism cannot survive in isolation. She contends that the system requires constant access to non-capitalist markets to realize surplus value and continue expanding. This need drives imperialist conquest of pre-capitalist regions. Luxemburg controversially predicts that once capitalism dominates the entire globe, its internal contradictions will cause inevitable collapse. The work sparked fierce debate within the socialist movement.