Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910 The New York Tunnel Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The East River Division. Paper No. 1152

by Alfred Noble

"Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LXVIII, Sept.…" is a scientific publication authored by Alfred Noble, who served as a past president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. This work appears to have been written in the early 20th century, capturing a significant engineering project revolving around the New York Tunnel Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The likely topic of the book focuses on the civil engineering challenges and methodologies related to the construction of the East River Division of this tunnel. The publication presents a detailed account of the engineering processes involved in the construction of the New York Tunnel Extension, particularly emphasizing the geological surveys (e.g., borings) undertaken in preparation for construction. Noble describes the challenges posed by the varying sub-surface materials, such as quicksand and gravel, and discusses the engineering techniques employed, like the use of the shield method for tunneling. The text further elucidates the collaboration of various engineers, the planning of shafts, and the careful consideration of grades and safety measures, all integral to the successful execution of this ambitious civil engineering project.