Curated shelf
Archaeology
Browse Archaeology as a public-domain reading list on Rivro, with free classics, authors, subjects, and related books.
History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria in the Light of Recent Discovery
L. W. (Leonard William) King
History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria in the Light of Recent Discovery
"History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria in the Light of Recent Discovery" by L. W. King and H. R. Hall is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The volume explores the ancient civilizations of Egypt and surrounding regions, detailing significant archaeological discoveries made shortly before its publication. The book aims to update and complement prior works on these ancient cultures by providing insights from recent excavations and research. The opening of this historical work discusses the evolution of our understanding of prehistoric Egypt and Mesopotamia, specifically mentioning how previously believed timelines of civilization have been transformed by recent discoveries. The authors note the previous assumption that Egyptian history began solely with the Pyramid-builders, and they highlight how archaeological findings have revealed a rich prehistoric culture that predates these monumental periods. By providing insights into the artifacts and burial practices of early Egyptians, the text sets the stage for a deeper exploration of how such discoveries illuminate the broader histories of these interconnected ancient civilizations.
The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1
Various
The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1
"The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1" by Various is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This volume serves as a scholarly journal focused on the various branches of archaeology and the history of fine arts, presenting original research and findings related to classical studies. The opening of the journal introduces the context of archaeological investigations at the Acropolis in Athens, detailing significant excavations conducted by the Greek Archaeological Society from 1883 to 1889. It outlines how the discoveries have clarified aspects of Attic art and poses several questions related to the temple of Athena, including its construction timeline and historical significance. Initial articles discuss the temple’s architectural features and its relationship to other structures, such as the Parthenon, while laying out debates surrounding its restoration and usage throughout history, providing a detailed examination of the archaeological evidence available.
A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1886-1887, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1891, pages 3-228
Victor Mindeleff
A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1886-1887, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1891, pages 3-228
"A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola" by Victor Mindeleff is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work focuses on exploring and documenting the architectural elements, styles, and histories of the Pueblo peoples in the Tusayan and Cibola regions. It provides a detailed analysis of their construction methods, the ruins of their villages, and the cultural significance behind them. The opening of the study introduces the vast area of pueblo architecture that spans across the southwestern U.S., particularly the arid regions of the Tusayan and Cibola. It highlights the historical aspect of these pueblos and the scant remnants left by the ancestors of the present inhabitants, citing the persistence of traditional practices amidst foreign influences. The introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive examination of both inhabited and abandoned pueblos, detailing the author's fieldwork timeline and the collaborative efforts made during the surveys, emphasizing the importance of careful planning and documentation in understanding these unique architectural styles.
The Forest of Dean: An Historical and Descriptive Account
H. G. (Henry George) Nicholls
The Forest of Dean: An Historical and Descriptive Account
"The Forest of Dean: An Historical and Descriptive Account" by H. G. Nicholls is a historical account written in the mid-19th century. The book explores the rich history and cultural significance of the Forest of Dean, a region in Gloucestershire known for its unique geography and historical connections to iron mining and local traditions. It aims to provide a comprehensive narrative derived from both personal observations and various historical sources that delve into the past of this remarkable area. At the start of the book, the author expresses disappointment that no prior history of the Forest of Dean had been published, prompting him to undertake this project. He introduces themes of local traditions, the significance of iron mining, and references to historical figures and events. Nicholls emphasizes the importance of capturing the area's heritage before the old customs fade away, indicating that the content will blend archival research with vivid descriptions to engage both local residents and general readers interested in the history of this picturesque locale.
Pagan and Christian Rome
Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani
Pagan and Christian Rome
"Pagan and Christian Rome" by Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This work explores the cultural and religious transformation of Rome from paganism to Christianity, discussing significant changes in architecture, customs, and societal attitudes towards faith. The book delves into the intricate interplay between the remnants of pagan traditions and the burgeoning Christian beliefs that shaped the ancient city. The opening of the book presents a discussion on the early adoption of Christianity among various social classes in Rome, challenging the notion that it was solely a religion for the poor. Lanciani cites examples of Roman nobles and even public officials who embraced the new faith, highlighting how early Christians navigated their beliefs in a predominantly pagan society. The chapter describes the gradual transformation of the city, the influences of notable Christian families, and the repurposing of pagan sites for Christian uses. By intertwining archaeological discoveries with ancient historical accounts, the author sets the stage for a deeper exploration of how Rome evolved during this pivotal period.
Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744
Jesse Walter Fewkes
Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744
"Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895" by Jesse Walter Fewkes is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work documents an archaeological field expedition to Arizona, focusing on ancient Pueblo ruins, particularly cliff houses, as well as mortuary pottery and other artifacts. Fewkes aims to uncover historical insights related to the prehistoric inhabitants of the region and how their cultures developed over time. At the start of the memoir, Fewkes introduces his expedition, explaining the invitation he received to collect archaeological specimens for the National Museum, setting the stage for a detailed exploration of ruins in Verde Valley and Tusayan. He details his initial preparations, collaborators, and the nature of his findings, emphasizing the challenge of documenting and understanding ancient Pueblo life. The opening portion lays the groundwork for a systematic survey of the region’s archaeological features, illustrating the author’s enthusiasm and the scientific rigor he brings to his observations, as he hopes to link the past inhabitants of Arizona with the traditions of present-day Hopi Indians.
L'archéologie égyptienne
G. (Gaston) Maspero
L'archéologie égyptienne
"L'archéologie égyptienne" by G. Maspero is an academic exploration written in the late 19th century that delves into the study of ancient Egyptian architecture, focusing particularly on civil and military structures. The book aims to shed light on the often-overlooked remnants of private homes and fortifications alongside the more celebrated temples and tombs in Egypt, thereby broadening our understanding of ancient Egyptian life and society. The opening of the book presents a comprehensive examination of Egyptian civil and military architecture, outlining how archaeologists have historically concentrated on temples and tombs, while neglecting the domestic and military constructions. Maspero discusses the materials used in building houses, the variations in construction techniques, and the significance of fortifications in ancient Egyptian cities. He emphasizes how the unique geological conditions of Egypt influenced architectural styles and construction methods, describing the processes of building houses from clay and bricks, as well as the strategies employed in fortification constructions to protect against invasions. This detailed analysis aims to provide readers with a foundational understanding of the physical remnants of ancient Egyptian civilization, offering insights into its domestic life and military preparations.
Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt
G. (Gaston) Maspero
Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt
"Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt" by G. Maspero is a comprehensive scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work serves as an essential handbook for students and travelers interested in Egyptian archaeology, exploring the nuances of ancient Egyptian architecture and civilization. The opening of the book lays the foundation for understanding the rich civil and military architectural heritage of ancient Egypt. Maspero begins by highlighting the significance of private dwellings and military buildings, emphasizing that while scholars often focus on temples and tombs, the civil architecture is equally impressive. He vividly details the construction methods and materials used by ancient Egyptians, illustrating their innovative brick-making techniques and the unique characteristics of residential and military structures. The text suggests that understanding these elements is crucial for a comprehensive grasp of ancient Egyptian lifestyle and culture.
The Problem of the Ohio Mounds
Cyrus Thomas
The Problem of the Ohio Mounds
"The Problem of the Ohio Mounds" by Cyrus Thomas is a historical account that was likely written in the late 19th century. The book explores the origins of the ancient mounds found in Ohio, positing that these structures were built by various Native American tribes, particularly the ancestors of the modern Cherokees. Thomas aims to dismantle various theories that attribute the mounds to other races or cultures by providing historical and archaeological evidence to support his claims. The opening of the book introduces the overarching question regarding the authorship of Ohio's ancient mounds, emphasizing the interest and intrigue surrounding them. Thomas presents evidence that, contrary to the belief that an advanced but now extinct civilization constructed these mounds, they were actually the work of indigenous tribes who were still present upon European contact. He outlines his argument, which is mainly focused on demonstrating that the mounds tie back to several Indian tribes, highlighting the similarities in burial customs, artifacts, and cultural practices between the mound builders and the historical tribes of North America. It sets the stage for a detailed examination of the cultural connections between the mounds and the people who built them, making a case for an indigenous origin of these significant historical structures.
Archeological Investigations
Gerard Fowke
Archeological Investigations
"Archeological Investigations" by Gerard Fowke is a scientific publication written in the early 20th century. This work is a detailed examination of physical remains and artifacts from various archaeological sites, primarily focusing on cave explorations in regions like the Ozarks and Hawaii. Fowke meticulously documents the geological contexts and findings within these sites to enrich our understanding of prehistoric human activities. The opening of the text introduces the geological characteristics of the Ozark region, which facilitate the formation of extensive caverns. Fowke describes how the dissolution of limestone creates these subterranean formations, making them suitable for habitation by early humans. He also highlights the potential for uncovering cultural artifacts left by these inhabitants while emphasizing the changes that have occurred within the caves over time. This introduction sets up a promise of thorough investigations into specific caves and archaeological sites, suggesting a systematic approach to exploring the material remains that offer insights into the lives of ancient peoples.
Chaldea: From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria
Zénaïde A. (Zénaïde Alexeïevna) Ragozin
Chaldea: From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria
"Chaldea: From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria" by Zénaïde A. Ragozin is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The book explores the ancient civilization of Chaldea, detailing its culture, traditions, and its eventual decline leading to the rise of the Assyrian Empire. It provides insights into the geographic and historical context of Mesopotamia, specifically focusing on significant events and figures that shaped the region. The opening of the book begins by recounting the destruction of Nineveh, the former capital of the Assyrian Empire, and the subsequent changes in Mesopotamia over centuries. Ragozin describes the decline of influential powers in the region, the transition from Assyria to Persian rule, and the eventual spread of Arabic influence. The narrative highlights the erosion of historical knowledge and cultural memory as ancient cities fell into ruin, paving the way for archaeological explorations and discoveries that sought to uncover the legacy of Chaldea. Through vivid descriptions, Ragozin sets the stage for a journey into an ancient world, revealing not only the historical significance of Chaldea but also the rich tapestry of civilizations that thrived between the rivers.
Animal Carvings from Mounds of the Mississippi Valley Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-81, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 117-166
Henry W. (Henry Wetherbee) Henshaw
Animal Carvings from Mounds of the Mississippi Valley Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-81, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 117-166
"Animal Carvings from Mounds of the Mississippi Valley" by Henry W. Henshaw is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work explores the artistic skill and significance of sculptures found in the ancient mounds of the Mississippi Valley, particularly focusing on their representations of animals. The author's examination seeks to challenge existing theories regarding the Mound-Builders’ artistic capabilities, as well as the accuracy of identification of the depicted species. The opening of the text introduces the subject matter by addressing the artistic accomplishments of the Mound-Builders, stating that their carvings have captured the attention of archaeologists due to their apparent skill. Henshaw emphasizes the need for critical examination of these artworks, noting that there may have been significant errors in the identification of the animals depicted. He questions the assumption that these sculptures reflect a higher artistic standard than those of North American Indians, suggesting that the carvings’ resemblance to actual animals should be scrutinized. The initial sections lay out the groundwork for a detailed analysis of specific carvings and their implications regarding the culture and knowledge of the Mound-Builders.
An Introduction to the mortuary customs of the North American Indians
H. C. (Harry Crécy) Yarrow
An Introduction to the mortuary customs of the North American Indians
"An Introduction to the Mortuary Customs of the North American Indians" by Dr. H.C. Yarrow is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work aims to systematically explore and document the varied mortuary practices of Indigenous tribes across North America, highlighting the philosophical and social significance of these customs. The opening of the book presents a comprehensive introduction to Dr. Yarrow's research objectives and methodological approach. It emphasizes the importance of understanding mortuary customs as a reflection of cultural beliefs regarding life, death, and the afterlife among Native American tribes. Dr. Yarrow articulates plans to gather ethnographic data from firsthand observations and reliable accounts, categorizing practices such as burial methods, mourning rituals, and the treatment of the deceased. He notes the challenges in accessing truthful testimonies from Indigenous peoples while underscoring a commitment to objective analysis, aiming to provide a lasting scholarly resource that captures these practices before they are lost to the pressures of modernization.
Roman Britain in 1914
F. (Francis) Haverfield
Roman Britain in 1914
"Roman Britain in 1914" by Professor F. Haverfield is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The work presents a comprehensive overview of archaeological finds and developments concerning Roman Britain during the year 1914, capturing the impacts of the historical context, particularly the onset of World War I, on archaeological efforts. It discusses various discoveries and excavations, including details about military structures, inscriptions, and civilian life during the Roman occupation. At the start of the text, Haverfield introduces the primary aim of this volume—to summarize significant archaeological finds from 1914, including a technical survey of inscriptions uncovered in that year. He notes that despite a decline in discoveries compared to previous years, several notable excavations were conducted at sites such as Wroxeter, Corbridge, and Holt. The opening portion delves into specific finds, discussing their implications for understanding the Roman military presence in Britain and the ongoing scholarly discourse around these significant archaeological projects. Haverfield's methodical approach implies a rich tapestry of Roman history intertwined with contemporary concerns, as the looming war affects archaeological pursuits.
Illustrated Catalogue of the Collections Obtained from the Pueblos of Zuñi, New Mexico, and Wolpi, Arizona, in 1881 Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1881-82, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1884, pages 511-594
James Stevenson
Illustrated Catalogue of the Collections Obtained from the Pueblos of Zuñi, New Mexico, and Wolpi, Arizona, in 1881 Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1881-82, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1884, pages 511-594
"Illustrated Catalogue of the Collections Obtained from the Pueblos of Zuñi, New Mexico, and Wolpi, Arizona" by James Stevenson is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work presents a detailed account of archaeological and ethnological specimens collected from Native American pueblos, focusing primarily on the Zuñi and Wolpi regions. The catalogue serves as a comprehensive reference for understanding the various artifacts, including tools, pottery, and ceremonial objects, associated with these cultures. The opening of the book begins with a transmittal letter and introduction by James Stevenson, outlining the contributions of several collaborators, particularly emphasizing the invaluable assistance of Frank H. Cushing in compiling the field catalogue due to his knowledge of the Zuñi language. Stevenson explains that the collection comprises nearly five thousand specimens, detailing the types of artifacts—mainly made of stone and clay—that provide insights into the daily lives, traditions, and artistic expressions of the Zuñi and Moki Indians. The catalogue not only lists these items but also includes descriptions of their uses and cultural significance, accompanied by illustrations to enrich understanding for readers interested in anthropology, archaeology, and Native American studies.
Prehistoric Textile Art of Eastern United States Thirteenth Annual Report of the Beaurau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 3-46
William Henry Holmes
Prehistoric Textile Art of Eastern United States Thirteenth Annual Report of the Beaurau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 3-46
"Prehistoric Textile Art of Eastern United States" by William Henry Holmes is a scientific publication likely written in the late 19th century. This work explores the various textile arts practiced by indigenous peoples of the eastern United States, focusing on their materials, methods, and products derived from textile techniques. The book aims to elevate the understanding of textile artifacts and their significance within the broader context of North American archaeology. The opening of the text outlines the scope and purpose of the study, highlighting that it was commissioned alongside a report on Dr. Cyrus Thomas's explorations of mounds and remains from ancient cultures. It emphasizes the previously overlooked importance of textile artifacts in archaeological discussions and notes the parity of textile arts with pottery and metalwork in determining cultural status. This portion serves as a prelude to a detailed examination of various textile forms, including basketry, matting, and fabrics, relying on both archaeological findings and historical accounts to illuminate the artistry and techniques of the prehistoric inhabitants of the region.
How to Observe in Archaeology Suggestions for Travellers in the Near and Middle East
British Museum
How to Observe in Archaeology Suggestions for Travellers in the Near and Middle East
"How to Observe in Archaeology" by the British Museum is a practical guide aimed at travelers interested in the archaeology of the Near and Middle East, published in the early 20th century. The handbook is designed for individuals who are not trained archaeologists but wish to make meaningful observations and records during their explorations of antiquities, emphasizing the importance of proper methods in archaeological sciences to ensure the preservation of historical data. The opening of the handbook introduces its primary purpose by highlighting the lack of knowledge among non-expert travelers that can lead to the loss of valuable archaeological information. It stresses the significance of adhering to laws related to antiquities and offers guidance on how to effectively observe and record finds, suggesting that travelers should familiarize themselves with the historical context and local regulations before visiting archaeological sites. The preface also outlines the collaborative effort behind the handbook, involving various scholars and institutions dedicated to enhancing archaeological understanding and stewardship among the public.
Omaha Dwellings, Furniture and Implements Thirteenth Annual Report of the Beaurau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 263-288
James Owen Dorsey
Omaha Dwellings, Furniture and Implements Thirteenth Annual Report of the Beaurau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 263-288
"Omaha Dwellings, Furniture and Implements" by James Owen Dorsey is an ethnographic account written in the late 19th century. This work details the dwellings, furniture, and tools of the Omaha tribe, providing valuable insights into the domestic life and material culture of these Native Americans. The book serves as a comprehensive examination of traditional Omaha artifacts and their construction methods, contributing to the understanding of indigenous practices and social structures. In this publication, Dorsey describes various forms of dwellings, including earth lodges and skin tents used by the Omaha people. He provides intricate details on the construction of these structures and their associated uses, such as communal gatherings and winter habitation. Alongside descriptions of dwelling types, the book enumerates essential household items such as beds and bedding, kitchenware, weaponry, and musical instruments, also detailing how each item was crafted and used. Through this exhaustive documentation, Dorsey offers a rich portrayal of the Omaha's daily life, cultural practices, and the integral relationship they maintained with their environment.
The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198
Cosmos Mindeleff
The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 73-198
"The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona" by Cosmos Mindeleff is an archaeological and ethnological study written in the late 19th century. This work explores the rich history and structural remains of the ancient pueblo culture, specifically focused on the significant cliff ruins found in Canyon de Chelly. Mindeleff delves into the history of exploration in this remote region, as well as the geographical and architectural factors that influenced the settlement patterns of the ancestral Puebloans. The opening of the text introduces the reader to the setting of Canyon de Chelly, which has been largely undocumented due to its inaccessibility and location in the heart of Navaho territory. Mindeleff recounts early explorations and the conjectures about the canyon's monumental cliff dwellings made by various explorers. He highlights the importance of Lieutenant J. H. Simpson's observations from a military expedition in the mid-19th century, which laid the groundwork for future archaeological understanding of these sites. The author emphasizes the complex interplay between the geography of the canyon and the village sites, indicating a profound connection between the natural landscape and the ancient inhabitants' lifestyles.
Origin and Development of Form and Ornament in Ceramic Art. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882-1883, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1886, pages 437-466.
William Henry Holmes
Origin and Development of Form and Ornament in Ceramic Art. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882-1883, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1886, pages 437-466.
"Origin and Development of Form and Ornament in Ceramic Art" by William Henry Holmes is a scholarly publication written during the late 19th century, focusing on the evolution and characteristics of ceramic art, particularly as it pertains to form and decoration. The book examines how various influences, both natural and artificial, have shaped the craft of pottery across different cultures, particularly in pre-Columbian America. It discusses the origins of both forms of pottery and the decorative motifs that embellish them, providing insights into the artistic and functional aspects of ceramic objects. In the book, Holmes categorically explores the principles surrounding the formation and ornamentation of ceramic art. He begins with the concept that forms arise from three primary sources: adventitious suggestions, imitation of nature or other objects, and invention. He subsequently delves into how these forms are modified by various factors, including usage, material capabilities, and artistic intentions. Holmes emphasizes that ornamentation, which is derived from natural features and constructional elements, evolves alongside the pottery itself, ultimately reflecting the cultural and environmental contexts of the artisans. His analysis illustrates a complex interplay between form and ornamentation, highlighting the significance of both in understanding the historical development of ceramic art.
The Mound Builders
George Bryce
The Mound Builders
"The Mound Builders" by George Bryce is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The book delves into the mysterious civilization known as the Mound Builders, who constructed large earthen mounds in North America. It focuses particularly on the region of Manitoba, Canada, exploring the artifacts and remains associated with these ancient peoples and debating their origins and eventual disappearance. In this work, Bryce provides an in-depth examination of the mounds found along the Rainy and Red Rivers, presenting archaeological discoveries, including human remains, pottery, and tools. He discusses the cultural practices of the Mound Builders, arguing that they were an agricultural society distinct from contemporary Native American tribes. Bryce hypothesizes that they descended from the advanced Toltec civilization of Mexico and suggests their occupation of the northern region lasted from the 11th to the 15th centuries. The book emphasizes the profound loss of this once-thriving society, encapsulating both the intrigue of their history and the sorrow of their extinction.
Navaho Houses Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 469-518
Cosmos Mindeleff
Navaho Houses Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 469-518
"Navaho Houses" by Cosmos Mindeleff is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work delves into the architectural styles and construction methods of the Navaho Indians, focusing on the traditional hogáns (houses) that serve as the focal point of their cultural identity. The book is aimed at students of architecture, archaeology, and ethnology, offering insights into the way these structures reflect the people's mental and industrial status throughout their history. The opening of "Navaho Houses" introduces the topic of the unique dwelling structures of the Navaho people, emphasizing their significance in understanding the tribe's culture and lifestyle. Mindeleff outlines the intention behind the account and notes the contemporary pressures facing traditional building practices, suspecting that these may soon be lost due to modern influences. He highlights the historical context of house construction, including the use of specific materials and ceremonial dedication practices that accompany the building of hogáns. The narrative sets the foundation for a detailed exploration of various types of houses, including winter hogáns, summer shelters, and sweat houses, as well as the environmental and cultural factors that influence this architecture.
A Study of Pueblo Pottery as Illustrative of Zuñi Culture Growth. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882-83, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1886, pages 467-522
Frank Hamilton Cushing
A Study of Pueblo Pottery as Illustrative of Zuñi Culture Growth. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882-83, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1886, pages 467-522
"A Study of Pueblo Pottery as Illustrative of Zuñi Culture Growth" by Frank Hamilton Cushing is a scientific publication written during the late 19th century. This book explores the intricate relationship between Pueblo pottery and the evolution of Zuñi culture, highlighting how environmental factors influenced both the pottery-making techniques and the architectural styles of the Zuñi tribes. As such, it delves into cultural artifacts as reflections of broader societal development within the context of the ancient Pueblo peoples. The book meticulously documents the historical development of Pueblo pottery, tracing its origins from early basketry to the advanced ceramic techniques employed by the Zuñis. Cushing examines various elements, including the environmental influences that necessitated certain design choices, the evolution of pottery forms, and the decorative symbolism embedded within the artwork. He outlines the transition from simple utilitarian wares to more elaborate and artistically designated ceramic pieces, each bearing cultural significance that reflects the rituals and beliefs of the Zuñi people. Through linguistic analysis and ethnographic observations, Cushing provides a nuanced understanding of how these pottery forms function not only as practical vessels but also as vital components of Zuñi identity and spirituality.
Throwing-sticks in the National Museum Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-'84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1890, pages 279-289
Otis Tufton Mason
Throwing-sticks in the National Museum Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-'84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1890, pages 279-289
"Throwing-Sticks in the National Museum" by Otis Tufton Mason is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work focuses on the study of throwing-sticks, a traditional tool used by various Arctic and subarctic peoples, including the Eskimo and Aleut tribes. It provides an ethnological examination of these implements, highlighting their structural variations across different regions. The book details a comprehensive analysis of various types of throwing-sticks, categorizing them by origin and construction. It describes their unique features—such as grips, shafts, hooks, and the materials used—while comparing the implements from regions such as Greenland, Alaska, and the Yukon. Mason's exploration underscores the significance and functionality of each type, providing insight into the cultural practices of hunting and fishing in these communities. By examining the throwing-stick's design and its adaptations, the book contributes to the understanding of the interplay between environment, culture, and tool-making among Indigenous peoples.