Curated shelf
Early English Text Society
Browse Early English Text Society as a public-domain reading list on Rivro, with free classics, authors, subjects, and related books.
Early English Meals and Manners
Unknown
Early English Meals and Manners
"Early English Meals and Manners" by Frederick James Furnivall is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The work primarily focuses on the social customs, etiquette, and culinary practices of early English society, as derived from various texts including John Russell's "Boke of Nurture" and others. Furnivall’s compilation aims to shed light on the daily lives and manners of individuals in historical England, particularly emphasizing the importance of education and conduct. At the start of this text, Furnivall sets the stage for his exploration by outlining the various sources included in the compilation, highlighting the educational aspects of early English society. He introduces key texts that reflect social norms and expectations during the period, emphasizing urbanity, manners, and domestic life. The introductory sections discuss the overarching goal of providing insight into the living standards and practices of ancestors, suggesting that the treatises contained within are directed towards the noble classes and their household practices. The opening reveals a structured approach aimed at bringing forth a better understanding of how citizens of early England were educated and trained in the art of dining, social interaction, and moral behavior.
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight An Alliterative Romance-Poem (c. 1360 A.D.)
Unknown
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight An Alliterative Romance-Poem (c. 1360 A.D.)
"Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight" by Richard Morris is an alliterative romance-poem likely written during the 14th century. The narrative centers around Sir Gawayne, a noble knight and nephew of King Arthur, who embarks on a perilous journey to fulfill a mysterious challenge posed by the enigmatic Green Knight. This tale weaves themes of bravery, honor, and chivalry throughout its exploration of Gawayne's character and his adherence to the knightly code. The opening of the poem introduces the extravagant Christmas festivities at Camelot, where King Arthur and his knights celebrate the holiday. As the revelry unfolds, the Green Knight bursts into the hall with a bold challenge, offering a game that tests the courage of Arthur's finest. Gawayne volunteers to take on the challenge, showcasing his bravery and sense of duty. The Green Knight insists on a unique pact, wherein Gawayne must deal him a blow and then seek him out in a year to receive a return strike. This sets the stage for Gawayne's quest, as he prepares to uphold his end of the bargain, leading to themes of honor and the trials of knightly virtue that will be explored throughout the poem.
The Middle English Poem, Erthe Upon Erthe
Unknown
The Middle English Poem, Erthe Upon Erthe
"Erthe Upon Erthe" by Hilda M. R. Murray is a Middle English poem collected and edited for the Early English Text Society, likely written in the early 14th century. The work encompasses the exploration of themes focused on mortality and the transient nature of earthly existence, asserting the imperative to remember one's mortality. The text highlights the common humanity in the face of death, making it a reflection on both personal and communal experiences. The opening of the poem introduces the central motif of earthly existence and the inevitable return to the earth, employing a rhythmic and alliterative style typical of the period. The initial verses point to humanity's connection to the earth and the common fate that awaits all, regardless of status or wealth. Through this poignant reflection, the poem sets a tone of contemplative awareness, urging readers to consider their own lives and the inescapable cycle of life and death. As an editor's note elaborates, the poem draws parallels to other popular medieval themes, resonating with both the solemnity and the inevitability of mortality.
Dialogues in French and English
William Caxton
Dialogues in French and English
"Dialogues in French and English" by William Caxton is a historical text that was likely written in the late 15th century. This work consists of a collection of colloquial phrases and dialogues intended to facilitate communication between French and English speakers, representing an adaptation from a fourteenth-century book of dialogues in French and Flemish. Its goal appears to be serving as a practical vocabulary for those wishing to learn the languages through everyday dialogue. At the start of the dialogue, the text sets the framework for its instructional purpose, emphasizing that learning this material is beneficial for travellers and others seeking linguistic proficiency. The opening portion outlines various themes, such as salutations and common expressions related to everyday life and commerce. It presents dialogues demonstrating how to greet someone, inquire about their well-being, and navigate social interactions, such as taking leave and addressing individuals of different social standings, which are essential for someone engaging with different cultural contexts.
Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"
Boethius
Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"
"Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's 'De Consolatione Philosophiae'" is a philosophical text translated by Geoffrey Chaucer, written in the late 14th century. This work serves as Chaucer's English rendition of the seminal philosophical work by Boethius, exploring themes of fortune, happiness, and the nature of existence. Through the lens of philosophy, it examines the turmoil of human experience, offering reflections on love, adversity, and the pursuit of wisdom. At the start of the translation, the narrator, Boethius, finds himself imprisoned and bereft, lamenting his misfortune and the swift passage of his former happiness. He recounts how his perspective has changed from one of joy to one of sorrow, symbolizing the transformative effects of fortune's capriciousness. As he grapples with his despair, the figure of Philosophy appears to comfort him, ready to guide him through thoughtful reflection and philosophical dialogue, ultimately steering him towards an understanding of the greater truths that govern existence and human suffering. This opening lays the foundation for the deeper philosophical discussions that will unfold throughout the text.
King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, The Assumption of Our Lady
Unknown
King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, The Assumption of Our Lady
"King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, The Assumption of Our Lady" by J. Rawson Lumby et al. is a compilation of medieval English literary texts, likely written in the 13th century. This work features three distinct narratives, including the tale of King Horn, which is considered one of the earliest examples of English romance poetry. It explores themes such as love, honor, and courageous exploits, showcasing the adventures of Horn as he navigates challenges in his pursuit of true love. The opening of this compilation sets the stage by introducing "King Horn," describing its context as part of the early English literature revival, and noting its preservation in multiple manuscripts. The introductory sections highlight the contrasting versions of the story, emphasizing the simplicity and directness of the English rendition compared to the more elaborate French adaptations. It outlines Horn’s character, his trials, and the relationships involved, establishing a framework that suggests both a historical significance and an entertaining narrative that intertwines themes of love and heroism.
Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century
Unknown
Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century
"Early English Alliterative Poems" by Richard Morris is a collection of medieval poetry written in the West-Midland Dialect of the 14th century. This volume includes significant works such as "The Pearl," "Cleanness," and "Patience," which emphasize moral and religious themes. The poems address profound subjects such as loss, purity, and the importance of patience in the face of adversity, providing a deep insight into the human experience as viewed through a medieval lens. The opening of the collection outlines the published poems found in a unique manuscript and highlights the scholarly efforts involved in their editing. It details the themes presented in the first poem, "The Pearl," which depicts a father's lament for the loss of his young daughter and explores his dreamlike journey toward understanding her presence in the afterlife. The introductory discussions set the stage for the subsequent poems, which engage with biblical narratives to illustrate the virtues of a righteous life. Through rich imagery and moral lessons, the poems aim to resonate with readers on both emotional and spiritual levels.
Caxton's Book of Curtesye
Unknown
Caxton's Book of Curtesye
"Caxton's Book of Curtesye" by Frederick James Furnivall is a historical treatise likely written during the late 15th century. This work serves as a guide for young individuals, particularly children, on proper behavior and social etiquette in a refined society, emphasizing the importance of virtue over vice as they grow and learn. The opening of "Caxton's Book of Curtesye" presents a thoughtful introduction aimed at a young audience named "Lytle Johan," who is encouraged to develop virtuous habits from an early age. The text elaborates on foundational principles of conduct, suggesting a variety of manners, including how to present oneself, engage politely in conversation, and observe cleanliness. The piece establishes a framework of expectations for social interactions, emphasizing the importance of humility, respect, and attentiveness, while warning against bad habits and negative behaviors. Overall, it sets the tone for a comprehensive moral instruction, addressing both spiritual and practical aspects of upbringing.
The Lay of Havelok the Dane
Unknown
The Lay of Havelok the Dane
"The Lay of Havelok the Dane" by Frederic Madden and Walter W. Skeat is an epic poem composed in the reign of Edward I, around the late 13th century. This work recounts the adventures of its titular character, Havelok, a Danish prince who faces treachery and hardship in his quest for identity and rightful kingship. The narrative intertwines themes of loyalty, justice, and destiny, promising a story rich in historical context and folklore. At the start of the narrative, we learn about the tragic circumstances surrounding Havelok's early life. He is the son of King Gunter of Denmark, who is murdered by the treacherous Godard. Rather than directly killing the young prince, Godard hires Grim, a fisherman, to drown him. However, Grim recognizes Havelok's royal lineage when he sees a miraculous light surrounding the child while he sleeps. In a twist of fate, Grim and his family take Havelok in, raising him in England. The story sets the stage for Havelok's journey as he grows up strong and noble, leading to future battles, romance, and the struggle to reclaim his rightful place both in Denmark and England. The opening offers a glimpse into the themes of identity, bravery, and the significance of heritage that will unfold throughout the poem.
Lancelot of the Laik: A Scottish Metrical Romance (About 1490-1500 A. D.)
Unknown
Lancelot of the Laik: A Scottish Metrical Romance (About 1490-1500 A. D.)
"Lancelot of the Laik: A Scottish Metrical Romance" by Skeat is a historical romance written during the late 15th century. This work is a paraphrased adaptation of the French "Lancelot du Lac," focusing on the adventures of the legendary knight Lancelot, particularly his entanglements with King Arthur, the lady of Melyhalt, and the looming threat posed by King Galiot. The narrative promises a blend of chivalric themes, battles, and courtly love that are emblematic of the Arthurian legends. The opening of the poem sets the stage by introducing King Arthur, who is troubled by ominous dreams, seeking the counsel of his most trusted clerics. The narrative quickly escalates when messengers from Galiot demand tribute from Arthur, indicating the rising tensions. We also find Lancelot in a dire situation, imprisoned by the lady of Melyhalt, while foreshadowing the conflict that will develop between Arthur and Galiot's forces. Notably, Lancelot's plight and desire for freedom hint at his key role in the forthcoming battles, which intertwine with the themes of honor and duty prevalent throughout the work.
The Romaunce of the Sowdone of Babylone and of Ferumbras His Sone Who Conquerede Rome
Unknown
The Romaunce of the Sowdone of Babylone and of Ferumbras His Sone Who Conquerede Rome
"The Romaunce of the Sowdone of Babylone and of Ferumbras His Sone Who Conquerede Rome" is a medieval romance written in the late 14th century. This narrative poem explores the adventures surrounding Charlemagne and his knights, particularly focusing on the character of Ferumbras, the Saracen prince, as well as the legendary challenges faced in the attempts to rescue Rome from Saracen invaders. The opening of the narrative delves into the historical significance of Charlemagne's exploits, which captivated the medieval imagination and led to the creation of various romances glorifying his deeds. It emphasizes Charlemagne's enduring legacy and the extensive coverage of his campaigns against the Saracens in literary works across Europe. The author introduces the tale of the Sowdone of Babylone, a tyrant aiming to conquer Rome, setting the stage for a confrontation between the Christian knights and the forces of the Sowdone, hinting at the themes of valor, loyalty, and chivalric duty that dominate the romance. The beginning thus promises an engaging adventure steeped in historical lore and character-driven narratives, showing the cultural interplay of faith and martial prowess prevalent during the period.
The Earliest Arithmetics in English
Unknown
The Earliest Arithmetics in English
"The Earliest Arithmetics in English" by Robert Steele is a scholarly work written in the early 20th century. This publication compiles and analyzes early arithmetic texts in the English language, focusing primarily on works from the 15th century. The book examines the evolution of arithmetic, the tools and methods used for calculations, and the importance of these texts in the historical context of mathematics. The opening of this volume presents an introductory exploration of the scarcity of English-language arithmetic texts prior to the 16th century, indicating that Latin dominated mathematical literature at the time. It outlines early mathematical practices, the significance of historical figures such as Sacro Bosco and Alexander de Villa Dei, and the various methodologies employed in arithmetic, such as the use of counting boards and the algorithmic approach to calculations. The introduction serves as a precursor to two main treatises that will be presented within the work, diving into the structure and principles of early arithmetic education.
Animaduersions uppon the annotacions and corrections of some imperfections of impressiones of Chaucer's workes 1865 edition
Francis Thynne
Animaduersions uppon the annotacions and corrections of some imperfections of impressiones of Chaucer's workes 1865 edition
"Animaduersions uppon the Annotacions and Corrections of some imperfections of Chaucer's Workes" by Francis Thynne is a critical examination written in the late 16th century. This work serves as Thynne's response to the contemporary editing of Geoffrey Chaucer's works, particularly addressing the annotations made by Thomas Speight in his 1598 edition of Chaucer's texts. The book elucidates various issues regarding the accuracy of these annotations and seeks to restore what the author considers rightful interpretations of Chaucer’s writings. The opening portion sets the stage for Thynne's critical analysis by presenting his grievances toward Speight's lack of consultation with him prior to the publication of his edition. Thynne explains the labor of his father, William Thynne, who was a prominent figure in preserving Chaucer's works and who had previously gathered numerous manuscripts for that purpose. Thynne reveals that he feels a responsibility to defend both his father's legacy and Chaucer's integrity by correcting perceived inaccuracies and injustices in Speight’s work. He casts a spotlight on specific tales, particularly the "Pilgrime's Tale," while discussing the historical and social ramifications that these literary works had during his time, highlighting Chaucer's commentary on churchmen and society.
The Wright's Chaste Wife A Merry Tale (about 1462)
of Cobsam Adam
The Wright's Chaste Wife A Merry Tale (about 1462)
"The Wright's Chaste Wife" by Adam of Cobsam is a narrative poem that falls under the category of medieval literature, likely written during the late 15th century. This charming tale, preserved in a manuscript from the Archbishop of Canterbury's library, portrays themes of fidelity, morality, and the complexities of marriage via an engaging fable. The work captures societal norms and expectations of the time, particularly concerning gender roles and the sanctity of marriage. In the storyline, a skilled carpenter, referred to as the Wright, seeks a faithful wife to help manage his home and keep his possessions safe. He marries a widow with a seemingly virtuous daughter, who presents him with a magical garland of roses that will never fade as long as his wife remains true. However, the Wright becomes paranoid and constructs an elaborate tower to isolate his wife from potential suitors. The plot thickens when local lords, curious about the wife’s fidelity, attempt to seduce her. To test her faithfulness, they bribe her, but the clever wife outsmarts the men, leading to humorous and unexpected consequences. Ultimately, the story culminates in a reflection on trust and the nature of true love, underscoring that good, faithful women can bring joy and stability to their homes.
Torrent of Portyngale
Unknown
Torrent of Portyngale
"Torrent of Portyngale" by E. Adam is a Middle English romance composed around 1400. The tale follows young earl's son Torrent as he undertakes tortuous efforts to win the hand of Desonell, daughter of the King of Portugal, against her father's wishes. His quest demands extraordinary feats, including battles with five giants and a journey to Jerusalem, all in pursuit of love and marriage into the Portuguese royal family.
Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue A Treates, noe shorter than necessarie, for the Schooles
Alexander Hume
Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue A Treates, noe shorter than necessarie, for the Schooles
"Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue" by Alexander Hume is a linguistic treatise written in the early 17th century. This scholarly work focuses on the principles of orthography—the correct writing of words—and the congruity between sound and symbol in the English language. It serves as both a guide for educators and a critique of contemporary writing practices. The opening of this work sets the stage for an examination of the inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation at the time. Hume expresses concern about the lack of standardization, pointing out the various forms letters can take, and emphasizing the importance of establishing a more cohesive system. He introduces the fundamental concepts of orthography, defining symbols, sounds, and their congruence, and explores the Latin and British vowels and consonants. Hume's approach includes a mix of linguistic observation and practical recommendations, making his treatise informative for those interested in the nuances of the English language during this period.
The Book of Quinte Essence or the Fifth Being (1889) Edited from British Museum MS. Sloane 73 about 1460-70 A.D.
Unknown
The Book of Quinte Essence or the Fifth Being (1889) Edited from British Museum MS. Sloane 73 about 1460-70 A.D.
"The Book of Quinte Essence or the Fifth Being" by Furnivall and Hermes is a historical treatise written in the late 19th century. This intriguing work explores the esoteric concept of Quinte Essence, the purported fifth essence or 'spirit' that underlies all matter, with a focus on its mystical properties and applications in alchemy and healing. It reveals much about the beliefs and practices of earlier centuries regarding alchemy, medicine, and the intersection of science and spirituality. At the start of this treatise, the author discusses the origins and significance of Quinte Essence, described as a heavenly elixir capable of restoring youth and vitality. The text promises insights into how the ancients, particularly Hermes, understood this essence, and it outlines various methods for its creation and practical uses, such as healing ailments and rejuvenating the body. The language and style mirror the medieval context from which these ideas emerged, providing a glimpse into the alchemical traditions that sought to bridge science with the divine.
Arthur A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century
Unknown
Arthur A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century
"Arthur" by Frederick James Furnivall is a historical verse narrative that draws on the legends of King Arthur, written in the mid-19th century, specifically during the Victorian era. This text serves as a short sketch of the life and achievements of Arthur, focusing on his legendary battles, the establishment of the Round Table, and his struggles against various foes. The poem is based on an earlier Latin chronicle of the Kings of Britain, intertwining history with myth and emphasizing the heroic nature of Arthur's character. The poem recounts the tale of Arthur from his conception by Uther Pendragon and Igraine to his crowning as king and the establishment of the Round Table, symbolizing equality among his knights. Arthur's adventures include defeating invaders, such as the Roman Emperor Lucius, and combating traitorous Mordred, who ultimately leads to Arthur's tragic downfall. Throughout his journey, Arthur exhibits qualities of strength, chivalry, and moral courage, making him a quintessential hero of British folklore. The narrative weaves together themes of honor, loyalty, and the eventual impermanence of glory in both life and legend.