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Mythology
Browse Mythology as a public-domain reading list on Rivro, with free classics, authors, subjects, and related books.
Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
E. M. Berens
Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
"Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome" by E. M. Berens is a collection of mythological narratives written in the late 19th century. This work seeks to provide an accessible overview of the rich tapestry of Greek and Roman mythology, exploring the various gods, goddesses, and mythical creatures that populated the ancient world. The text serves as an educational resource aimed particularly at young scholars, introducing them to the deities and stories that have significantly shaped Western literature and culture. The opening portion of the text establishes a framework for understanding the gods of Greece and Rome, likening them to humans in appearance and emotions, yet highlighting their divine powers and immortality. Berens introduces the reader to major themes within mythology, including the origins of the world and the gods, illustrating how these ancient beliefs provided explanations for natural phenomena and human experiences. He suggests that these myths are intertwined with early human culture, reflecting both the aspirations and fears of the ancients. The author's intention is to illuminate the significance of these myths for readers seeking to comprehend the broader implications of classical literature and their lasting influence on art and society.
The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion
James George Frazer
The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion
"The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion" by James George Frazer is a comparative study first published in 1890. Frazer explores mythology and religion across cultures, examining fertility rites, human sacrifice, dying gods, and sacred kingship. His controversial thesis traces humanity's intellectual evolution from magic through religion to science, centered on ancient fertility cults and seasonal rituals. Drawing from the priest-kings of Lake Nemi to global mythologies, this sweeping work scandalized Victorian Britain and profoundly influenced twentieth-century literature and thought.
Myths and Legends of China
E. T. C. (Edward Theodore Chalmers) Werner
Myths and Legends of China
"Myths and Legends of China" by E. T. C. Werner is a comprehensive account of Chinese mythology, likely written in the early 20th century. This work synthesizes key myths and legends from various literary sources, aiming to provide an accurate representation of the mythology that shapes Chinese cultural identity. The text not only covers prominent tales but also delves into the sociological aspects necessary for comprehending these narratives, making it a valuable resource for readers interested in mythology, history, or cultural studies. The opening of the book introduces the author and outlines his meticulous approach to translating and interpreting Chinese myths by studying primary texts and relevant scholarly works. Werner expresses gratitude to several individuals who aided his research and emphasizes his goal of distilling a vast topic into a comprehensible English format that reflects the minds of the Chinese people. He begins with a discussion of the sociology of the Chinese, touching on their racial origins and societal structures, setting the stage for understanding the significance and context of the myths that follow in subsequent chapters. This establishes a foundational framework for the readers to appreciate the depth of Chinese mythology as both a cultural artifact and a living tradition.
Myths of Babylonia and Assyria
Donald A. (Donald Alexander) Mackenzie
Myths of Babylonia and Assyria
"Myths of Babylonia and Assyria" by Donald A. Mackenzie is a book published in 1915. This comprehensive work explores the mythology and history of ancient Mesopotamia, drawing connections between Babylonian legends and biblical accounts. Mackenzie examines the region's gods and goddesses through translated hymns, archaeological discoveries, and cultural comparisons with India and northern Europe. Enhanced by color illustrations depicting religious scenes, the book traces how different peoples shaped empires through migration and conquest across this cradle of civilization.
Legends of the Gods The Egyptian Texts, edited with Translations
E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis) Budge
Legends of the Gods The Egyptian Texts, edited with Translations
"Legends of the Gods" by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge is a collection of translated ancient Egyptian texts edited for those interested in Egyptology, authored in the early 20th century. The book presents vital insights into the rich tapestry of ancient Egyptian religion, mythology, and literature through various legendary narratives, shedding light on the gods, creation, and mortality from an ancient civilization's perspective. The opening of this work introduces the purpose of the compilation and the significance of the various texts it encompasses. It begins with a preface explaining the collection's intention to provide accessible translations of seminal Egyptian text, assisting readers in understanding key aspects of the ancient Egyptians' worldview, such as their beliefs in gods like Khepera, Ra, and Isis, and their narratives concerning creation and resurrection. The text highlights the nature of these myths by detailing the profound relationship between gods and humanity, underscoring themes of life, death, and rebirth through vivid storytelling that brings a complex pantheon of deities to life.
Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable
Thomas Bulfinch
Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable
"Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable" by Thomas Bulfinch is a collection published in 1867. This work retells classical myths, Arthurian legends, and medieval romances for English-speaking readers without knowledge of Latin or Greek. Bulfinch weaves together ancient tales with quotations from contemporary poets, creating a bridge between distant mythology and nineteenth-century literature. His accessible retellings—drawn primarily from Ovid but adapted to Victorian sensibilities—dominated American classical education for nearly a century, helping general readers comprehend the mythological references pervading English literature and polite conversation.
The Babylonian Legends of the Creation
E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis) Budge
The Babylonian Legends of the Creation
"The Babylonian Legends of the Creation" by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The work explores the ancient Babylonian and Assyrian myths surrounding the creation of the world, the gods, and the legendary struggle between the god Marduk and the dragon Tiâmat, providing insights into the beliefs and cosmology of these ancient civilizations. The beginning of this book delves into the discovery of ancient clay tablets that contain these creation legends, highlighting the efforts of archaeologists and Assyriologists in uncovering and translating these texts. The narrative introduces various gods, including Marduk and Tiâmat, and sets up the context for the epic battle that forms the central mythological theme. It further explains how these legends not only narrate the creation of the heavens and the earth but also serve to glorify the god Marduk, capturing the complex interplay of power and divinity in Babylonian culture. The accounts suggest a rich tapestry of mythological significance, intertwining the acts of creation with themes of conflict and supremacy within the pantheon of gods.
The Legends of the Jews — Volume 1
Louis Ginzberg
The Legends of the Jews — Volume 1
"The Legends of the Jews — Volume 1" by Louis Ginzberg is a compilation published between 1909 and 1938. This monumental work gathers centuries of Jewish biblical legends from the Mishnah, Talmud, and Midrash into a chronological narrative. Volume 1 spans from Creation to Jacob, weaving together ancient oral traditions and folklore that expand upon the biblical text. Originally written in German and translated by Henrietta Szold, this scholarly yet accessible collection preserves Jewish storytelling traditions that answer questions the Bible leaves unspoken.
Myth, Ritual and Religion, Vol. 1 (of 2)
Andrew Lang
Myth, Ritual and Religion, Vol. 1 (of 2)
"Myth, Ritual and Religion, Vol. 1" by Andrew Lang is a scientific publication written during the late 19th century. This work delves deep into the interplay between mythology, ritualistic practices, and religious beliefs across various cultures, primarily focusing on how these elements have evolved and interacted throughout history. Lang examines the foundations of mythic thought, cultural practices, and their implications for understanding human belief systems, suggesting that myths often contain both rational and irrational elements that reflect the complexities of human consciousness. At the start of the text, Lang sets the stage for a profound exploration of mythology by contrasting contemporary definitions of religion with ancient belief systems. He discusses the conflict between religion and myth, giving examples from Greek and other ancient cultures to illustrate how revered beings and their associated legends sometimes clash with subsequent ethical understandings. Lang highlights the dual nature of human thought—reflective and playful—and posits that the emergence of myth often stems from fanciful interpretations of profound truths about existence. Through critical examination, he lays the groundwork for understanding how divergent belief systems coalesce and inform each other across different societies, presenting a case for a comparative study of mythologies and the psychological states from which they arise.
The Edda, Volume 1 The Divine Mythology of the North Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore, No. 12
Lucy Winifred Faraday
The Edda, Volume 1 The Divine Mythology of the North Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore, No. 12
"The Edda, Volume 1" by L. Winifred Faraday is a scholarly exploration of Norse mythology, specifically focusing on the divine mythology of the North, written in the early 20th century. This book serves as an examination of the renowned Icelandic Eddas, which preserve the beliefs and legends of the pre-Christian Germanic peoples, particularly their pantheon of gods and mythological tales. As a significant collection of mythological poetry from the 10th century and later, it offers a vital insight into the remnants of Viking age beliefs and their cultural context. In this volume, Faraday delves into the major figures and narratives of Norse mythology, including the creation of the world, the hierarchy of the Aesir gods, and the foretelling of Ragnarök, the apocalyptic battle that will lead to the death of many gods and the rebirth of the world. The text highlights key characters such as Odin, Thor, and Loki along with their complex relationships, struggles, and destinies, showcasing the intertwining of heroism, tragedy, and prophecy in these ancient myths. Through an analysis of poems like "Völuspa" and "Thrymskvida", the author illuminates the themes of fate, honor, and the inevitable death of the gods, while drawing connections to the cultural practices and beliefs of the Norse people.
Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition
L. W. (Leonard William) King
Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition
"Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition" by L. W. King is a scholarly historical account published in the early 20th century. The work aims to explore and compare Hebrew traditions with the mythological and legendary narratives of Babylon and Egypt, particularly integrating new findings from archaeological discoveries in Babylonia around the time of the First World War. The opening of the text introduces the overarching thesis of the lectures, emphasizing how the myths, particularly those surrounding the Creation and the Deluge, reveal striking similarities between Sumerian and Hebrew traditions. King details that the evidence garnered from newly discovered Sumerian texts will necessitate a reevaluation of the origins of these tales, illustrating how ancient civilizations may have influenced one another through trade, conquest, and cultural exchange. He begins with remarks on the continuity of civilization in the Near East and sets the stage for a more detailed examination of the interconnections among the mythologies, legends, and emerging cultural narratives of Babylon, Egypt, and the Hebrews.
American Hero-Myths: A Study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent
Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton
American Hero-Myths: A Study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent
"American Hero-Myths: A Study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent" by Daniel G. Brinton is a scholarly examination of indigenous American mythologies and religious beliefs, written in the late 19th century. The book seeks to analyze and interpret the hero-myths of various Native American tribes, illuminating their significance in understanding human thought regarding creation, culture, and divinity. Brinton's work underscores the importance of these myths as reflections of deeper cultural insights rather than mere historical accounts. The opening of the book serves as a preface outlining Brinton's intent to contribute to the comparative study of religion. He addresses the misconceptions and neglect surrounding native mythologies, advocating for their rigorous examination and interpretation. Brinton emphasizes the shared themes among mythologies across different tribes, positing that many hero-gods reflect archetypes such as creators or culture-bringers. He introduces the structure of his analysis, which includes the examination of myth-making processes and a comparative approach, laying the groundwork for a more profound understanding of cultural narratives that persist in shaping the identities and beliefs of indigenous peoples.
The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi
Hattie Greene Lockett
The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi
"The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi" by Hattie Greene Lockett is a scholarly study published in the early 20th century. The work is an anthropological examination of the Hopi people, focusing on the significance of their unwritten literature, particularly their myths and tales, and how these inform their culture, social organization, and religious practices. It delves into the intricate connections between Hopi mythology and their daily lives, rituals, and community structures. At the start of the book, the author introduces the relationship between contemporary Hopi societal structures and their traditional myths, arguing that these unwritten narratives play a crucial role in guiding their moral standards and communal activities. Lockett highlights the importance of mythology in providing a historical framework for the Hopi's understanding of their identity and existence, suggesting that despite the absence of a written tradition, the oral storytelling practices preserve a rich and vital cultural heritage. Through this exploration, she sets the stage for a more detailed discussion of Hopi life, including their customs, social organization, and an in-depth examination of their ceremonial practices.
The Edda, Volume 2 The Heroic Mythology of the North Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore, No. 13
Lucy Winifred Faraday
The Edda, Volume 2 The Heroic Mythology of the North Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore, No. 13
"The Edda, Volume 2" by L. Winifred Faraday is a scholarly exploration of Norse heroic mythology that was published in the early 20th century, specifically in 1902. This collection falls under the genre of mythological studies and focuses on the rich tapestry of legends and narratives surrounding heroes from the North, drawing on a variety of sources to elucidate their significance and origins. The book aims to highlight the interconnections between different heroic cycles, particularly those found in the Germanic traditions, and their influence and transformation across cultures. In this volume, Faraday delves into numerous legendary figures, prominently featuring the tales of Sigurd the Volsung, Helgi, and the cursed treasures associated with these heroes. The narrative intertwines their adventures with themes of destiny, love, revenge, and the supernatural, such as the role of dragons and magical beings. Each story, such as Sigurd's dragon-slaying and the doomed romance with Brynhild, illustrates the complexities of heroism and the intimate connection between fate and choice, emphasizing how these ancient tales continue to resonate with fundamental human experiences. Through detailed analysis and comparison with other Germanic and English literary works, Faraday reveals the enduring legacy of these myths in shaping cultural narratives and their reflections on human nature.
Representation of Deities of the Maya Manuscripts
Paul Schellhas
Representation of Deities of the Maya Manuscripts
"Representation of Deities of the Maya Manuscripts" by Paul Schellhas is a scholarly work that serves as an in-depth analysis of the representations of gods found in ancient Maya manuscripts. Written in the early 20th century, specifically in the early 1900s, this publication is part of a scientific contribution aimed at the study of Maya hieroglyphs and mythology. The book meticulously covers the iconography and significance of various deities in a rich, yet concise manner, emphasizing the importance of these representations within the larger context of Maya culture and religion. In the text, Schellhas explores a range of deities illustrated in three crucial Maya manuscripts: the Dresden, the Madrid, and the Paris codices. Each deity's description is grounded in careful observation of the illustrative details and hieroglyphs associated with them. The author categorizes gods such as the Death-God, the God with the Large Nose, and the Maize-God, among others, discussing their attributes, symbols, and roles in Maya mythology and rituals. Through a detailed enumeration of references and a summary of their visual representations, Schellhas establishes a foundational understanding of the Maya pantheon and how these gods reflect the civilization's beliefs regarding life, death, and natural phenomena. The book remains a significant resource for scholars and enthusiasts of Mesoamerican studies.
Custom and Myth
Andrew Lang
Custom and Myth
"Custom and Myth" by Andrew Lang is a collection of essays exploring comparative mythology and folklore, written in the late 19th century. The work critically examines the conventional methods of understanding myths, particularly those rooted in linguistic analysis, arguing that such approaches are often inadequate. Lang delves into various mythologies—including Greek, Indian, and indigenous traditions—to propose that many stories share common origins and themes, shaped by the human experience rather than being mere products of language. At the start of the book, Lang dedicates his collection to E.B. Tylor and outlines his motivation for the essays, noting his dissatisfaction with the prevalent scholarly methods of comparing myths. He critiques the idea that myths arise purely from corruptions of language and discusses the importance of examining folklore and savage beliefs to uncover deeper meanings. Lang introduces the anthropological perspective, suggesting that myths can be better understood by studying their persistence across cultures, highlighting their ties to humanity’s primal instincts and shared experiences. The opening sets the stage for the subsequent essays, which promise a journey through the intricacies of myth and cultural expression.