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Precursors of Science Fiction
Browse Precursors of Science Fiction as a public-domain reading list on Rivro, with free classics, authors, subjects, and related books.
Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus
"Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus" by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is a Gothic novel published in 1818. It tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a living creature from assembled body parts in an unorthodox experiment. When the creature awakens, Victor flees in horror, abandoning his creation. The conscious being must navigate a world that fears him, learning language and seeking connection, only to face repeated rejection. Embittered and alone, the creature confronts his creator with a desperate request that will set both on a dark path of vengeance and tragedy.
The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Robert Louis Stevenson
The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" by Robert Louis Stevenson is a Gothic horror novella published in 1886. When London lawyer Gabriel John Utterson investigates strange occurrences involving his old friend Dr. Henry Jekyll and a murderous criminal named Edward Hyde, he uncovers a disturbing mystery. This defining work of Gothic horror explores the duality of human nature and has profoundly influenced popular culture, making "Jekyll and Hyde" synonymous with hidden evil beneath respectable appearances.
Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus
"Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus" by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is a Gothic novel written in 1818. It tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a living creature from assembled body parts in an unorthodox experiment. When the creature awakens, Victor flees in horror, setting in motion a tragic tale of creation, abandonment, and revenge. This pioneering work has become one of English literature's most influential stories, spawning an entire genre of horror and forever changing popular culture.
Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus
"Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus" by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is a Gothic novel published in 1818. It tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature from different body parts in an unorthodox experiment. When the creature awakens, Victor flees in horror, setting in motion a tragic chain of events. The creature, initially innocent, learns language and seeks acceptance but faces only rejection. Embittered by humanity's cruelty, he demands his creator take responsibility, leading to devastating consequences that reach from Geneva to the Arctic.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" by Mark Twain is a novel published in 1889. When Hank Morgan, a Connecticut engineer, receives a blow to the head, he awakens in medieval England during King Arthur's reign. Using his modern knowledge, he poses as a powerful magician and becomes the king's chief adviser. Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from Merlin, the nobility, and the Church in this satirical tale about progress, power, and conflicting eras.
The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Robert Louis Stevenson
The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" by Robert Louis Stevenson is a Gothic horror novella published in 1886. When London lawyer Gabriel John Utterson investigates strange occurrences involving his old friend Dr. Henry Jekyll and a murderous criminal named Edward Hyde, he uncovers a disturbing mystery. This defining work of Gothic horror explores the duality of human nature, examining how good and evil can intertwine within a single person. The story's impact endures today, with "Jekyll and Hyde" becoming synonymous with those who possess hidden, shocking darkness.
The Last Man
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
The Last Man
"The Last Man" by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is an apocalyptic science fiction novel published in 1826. Set in late 21st-century Europe, the story follows humanity's struggle as a devastating plague sweeps across the globe, threatening extinction. Through the eyes of Lionel Verney and his circle—including characters inspired by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron—the novel explores love, ambition, and survival against civilization's collapse. Written after profound personal loss, this pioneering work of dystopian fiction envisions Britain as a republic while chronicling humanity's darkest hour.
Lucian's True History
of Samosata Lucian
Lucian's True History
"Lucian's True History" by Lucian of Samosata is a satirical novella written in the second century AD. The narrator begins by warning readers that everything in the story is a complete lie. What follows is an outrageous tale of travelers swept to the Moon, where they witness interplanetary warfare between celestial kings. They encounter a giant whale, seas of milk, islands of cheese, and meet legendary heroes and mythical creatures. This fantastical work mocks ancient authors who presented impossible tales as truth, earning recognition as the earliest known fiction featuring space travel and alien lifeforms.
The Coming Race
Edward Bulwer Lytton Lytton
The Coming Race
"The Coming Race" by Baron Edward Bulwer Lytton Lytton is a novel published in 1871. When a traveler descends into a chasm and becomes trapped in a subterranean world, he discovers the Vril-ya—an advanced race with telepathic powers and mastery over a mysterious energy called "Vril." In their utopian society, women are stronger than men and pursue romantic partners aggressively. When two Vril-ya women fall in love with him, the narrator faces a dangerous dilemma that threatens his survival in this strange underground civilization.
After London; Or, Wild England
Richard Jefferies
After London; Or, Wild England
"After London; Or, Wild England" by Richard Jefferies is a speculative novel written during the late 19th century. The book imagines a future England transformed into a primitive world after civilization has collapsed and nature has reclaimed the land. The narrative explores themes of technology, society, and the natural world, showcasing characters such as Felix Aquila, who navigates this wild and unfamiliar landscape. The opening of the novel paints a vivid picture of post-apocalyptic England, describing how nature has overrun the landscapes once dominated by human civilization. It depicts a time when cities are forgotten, transformed into marshes, and domesticated animals have reverted to wild forms. The narrative presents a detailed account of the flora and fauna that have reclaimed the land, emphasizing the environmental changes that have led to a society that regresses into tribalism and barbarism. This transition sets the stage for the adventures of Felix Aquila and the encounters he faces in this new wild England.
The Works of Lucian of Samosata — Volume 02
of Samosata Lucian
The Works of Lucian of Samosata — Volume 02
"The Works of Lucian of Samosata — Volume 02" by of Samosata Lucian is a collection of philosophical and satirical writings from the 2nd century AD, showcasing the wit and rhetoric of one of the foremost figures in ancient Greek literature. This volume includes various treatises and dialogues that explore themes such as dependency, virtue, the nature of wealth, and the philosophical paths one may choose. A prominent focus is placed on the trials of the scholar, particularly the "dependent scholar," who navigates the complexities of serving wealthy patrons while sacrificing personal freedom and integrity. The opening of this volume introduces the concept of the "dependent scholar," who finds himself caught between the allure of a comfortable life in the service of the wealthy and the degradation that often accompanies this dependence. The speaker, possibly embodying Lucian's perspective, reflects on the hardships faced by those who sell their intellectual prowess for monetary gain, highlighting the irony of how such scholars often remain as impoverished and unfulfilled as those they sought to escape. Through vivid metaphors and engaging dialogue, Lucian critiques the societal expectations surrounding wealth and servitude while prompting readers to consider the true cost of such ambitions. This thoughtful examination continues throughout the text, setting the stage for an exploration of the rival philosophies that shape one's approach to life and happiness.
The Diamond Lens
Fitz James O'Brien
The Diamond Lens
"The Diamond Lens" by Fitz James O'Brien is a science fiction short story written during the mid-19th century, likely in the Victorian era. The narrative revolves around the concept of microscopic inquiry and the pursuit of scientific discovery, exploring the limits of human perception and obsession with knowledge. The story follows the protagonist, Linley, an aspiring microscopist who becomes enthralled by the beauty of a microscopic creature he names Animula, discovered through a diamond lens he constructs using a rare and large diamond. Initially, Linley is deeply captivated by Animula's ethereal beauty and the fantastical world within the drop of water in which she resides. However, he becomes increasingly consumed by his infatuation and neglects reality, leading to tragedy when the water evaporates and Animula perishes. Linley's obsession results in his mental and physical deterioration, reflecting the dangers of becoming too engrossed in one's pursuits, ultimately leaving him as a broken individual haunted by the loss of his beloved microscopic creation.
The Germ Growers: An Australian story of adventure and mystery
Robert Potter
The Germ Growers: An Australian story of adventure and mystery
"The Germ Growers: An Australian Story of Adventure and Mystery" by Robert Easterley and John Wilbraham is a novel written in the late 19th century. The story revolves around themes of adventure and mystery set against the backdrop of Australia, following the experiences of the main character, Bob Easterley, and his companion Jack Wilbraham. The plot hints at a blend of supernatural elements woven into their exploration, suggesting that their journey will uncover both external and internal conflicts. At the start of the narrative, Bob and Jack are enjoying a leisurely stay in Gippsland, Australia, reminiscing about a mysterious and extraordinary incident they experienced years ago in Kimberley. The conversation about a new gold-field triggers their memories of a haunting past, particularly around the enigmatic disappearance of a fellow named James Redpath, which they seem to be directly connected to. Adding to this, a sudden outbreak of a dangerous disease called the "red sickness" disrupts their lives, bringing a sense of urgency and fear, while also hinting at deeper currents of intrigue that intertwine with their recollections of past events. These early passages establish a rich tapestry of suspense and set the stage for the unfolding adventure to come.
Micromégas
Voltaire
Micromégas
"Micromégas" by Voltaire is a philosophical tale published in 1752. It describes the visit of two giants to Earth: Micromégas from a planet near Sirius, and the secretary of Saturn's Academy. This representative work of the Enlightenment blends social, religious, and moral criticism with scientific observation. It emphasizes philosophical relativism while rejecting metaphysical speculation in favor of empirical experimentation. The tale stands as one of the earliest philosophical stories, challenging human vanity and exploring humanity's place in the universe through reason and scientific inquiry.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 1.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 1.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 1." by Mark Twain is a novel published in 1889. A 19th-century engineer from Connecticut suffers a head injury and awakens in medieval England during King Arthur's reign. Using his modern knowledge to pose as a powerful magician, he rivals Merlin and becomes the king's chief minister. He attempts to modernize the feudal kingdom and implement democratic reforms, but faces resistance from entrenched powers. Twain's satire lampoons romantic notions of chivalry while celebrating democratic values and questioning industrialization.
The Electric Man Being the One Act Version of the Three Act Farcical Comedy of the Same Name
Charles Hannan
The Electric Man Being the One Act Version of the Three Act Farcical Comedy of the Same Name
"The Electric Man" by Charles Hannan is a one-act farcical comedy adapted from a successful three-act version, written in the early 20th century. The play centers around the character of Walter Everest, a chemist and electrician who has created an automaton resembling himself, which he plans to use in a desperate scheme to stop his stepmother's impending marriage. The story unfolds with comedic twists as Walter's invention becomes more than he bargained for, bringing chaos and humor to his attempts to reclaim his inheritance. In the plot, Walter learns that if his stepmother marries before his birthday, she will inherit his father's fortune instead of him. To halt the wedding, he devises a plan involving his lifelike automaton, which he has named Cyril Davidson. When the automaton unexpectedly comes to life, it creates a series of humorous misunderstandings and frantic antics as Walter, along with his friend Jack and his fiancée Stella, tries to manage the situation. The interplay between the characters leads to a slapstick finale, where they must confront the consequences of their actions and the confusion stemming from the automaton's existence. Ultimately, the play combines elements of mistaken identity and farce, providing both laughs and a light-hearted commentary on invention and inheritance.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 8.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 8.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 8." by Mark Twain is a historical novel published in 1889. A 19th-century engineer named Hank Morgan awakens in medieval England after a blow to the head. Using his modern knowledge, he convinces people he's a powerful magician and becomes King Arthur's chief advisor. He attempts to modernize society and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from Merlin, the nobility, and the Catholic Church. Twain's satirical tale critiques feudalism and monarchy while questioning capitalism and industrial progress.
Trips to the Moon
of Samosata Lucian
Trips to the Moon
"Trips to the Moon" by Lucian is a satirical work likely written in the 2nd century AD. This piece primarily comprises comedic narratives that playfully critique the absurdities of human belief and contemporary historiography, employing imaginative elements and fantastic voyages to convey its messages. The narrative follows the exploration of other worlds and bizarre encounters, engaging readers with humor while examining deeper philosophical themes. The opening of the work introduces Lucian's "True History," which is described as a fantastical tale filled with "ingenious lies" meant for amusement. The protagonist sets sail on an adventurous journey to explore the unknown, encountering various peculiarities along the way, such as a wine-like river and human-like vines. These elements set the stage for a series of whimsical encounters, including a pitched battle between fantastical creatures from the Sun and Moon, illustrating Lucian's intent to satirize both historical writing and the genre of epic tales. The reader is introduced to the playful absurdity of both the journey itself and the characters encountered, hinting at the larger critique of human folly to come.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 5.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 5.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 5." by Mark Twain is a historical novel published in 1889. When a Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan suffers a head injury, he awakens in King Arthur's medieval England. Using his modern knowledge to pose as a powerful magician, he rivals Merlin and becomes the king's advisor. Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from the feudal system and the Church. This satirical work critiques chivalric romance while celebrating democratic values.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 6.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 6.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 6." by Mark Twain is a historical novel published in 1889. When a Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan suffers a head injury, he awakens in King Arthur's medieval England. Using his modern knowledge, he convinces the court he's a powerful magician and becomes the king's chief minister. Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from Merlin, the Church, and entrenched feudal powers in this satirical tale of time travel and social commentary.
Le Vingtième Siècle: La Vie Électrique
Albert Robida
Le Vingtième Siècle: La Vie Électrique
"Le Vingtième Siècle: La Vie Électrique" by Albert Robida is a science fiction novel published in 1892. Set in France in 1955, the story follows scientist Philox Lorris as he introduces transformative electrical technologies that reshape society. Robida imagines a future of constant communication through "Tele screens," airship traffic, escalating warfare with chemical and biological weapons, and a population overwhelmed by stress and nervous exhaustion. Written with satirical wit and illustrated by the author himself, this darkly comic vision anticipated modern life with startling accuracy.
Hartmann, the Anarchist; Or, The Doom of the Great City
E. Douglas (Edward Douglas) Fawcett
Hartmann, the Anarchist; Or, The Doom of the Great City
"Hartmann, the Anarchist; Or, The Doom of the Great City" by E. Douglas Fawcett is a science fiction novel published in 1893. A young gentleman befriends the enigmatic Rudolph Hartmann and becomes entangled in a catastrophic plot to destroy London using an advanced airship called The Attila. Through fire and bombardment, the city falls as Hartmann pursues his radical vision of replacing civilization with anarchism. This early work of speculative fiction explores the violent collision between utopian ideals and devastating reality in fin de siècle London.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 9.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 9.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 9." by Mark Twain is a novel published in 1889. A Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan suffers a head injury and awakens in medieval England during King Arthur's reign. Using his modern knowledge, he convinces the kingdom he's a powerful magician and becomes Arthur's chief minister. Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from Merlin, the nobility, and the Catholic Church in this satirical tale of time travel and clashing civilizations.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 4.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 4.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 4" by Mark Twain is a novel published in 1889. A Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan suffers a head injury and awakens in medieval England during King Arthur's reign. Using his modern knowledge, he convinces people he's a powerful magician and becomes the king's chief adviser. Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms, but faces opposition from Merlin, the aristocracy, and the Church in this satirical take on feudalism and chivalry.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 7.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 7.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 7" by Mark Twain is a novel published in 1889. A Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan is mysteriously transported back to medieval England during King Arthur's reign. Using his modern knowledge, he poses as a powerful magician, outwits Merlin, and becomes the king's advisor. Hank attempts to modernize the kingdom and implement democratic reforms, but faces resistance from feudal institutions. This satirical adventure critiques chivalric romance, feudalism, and monarchy while exploring the clash between progress and tradition.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 3.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 3.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 3." by Mark Twain is a historical novel published in 1889. When a Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan is transported back to King Arthur's medieval England, he uses his modern knowledge to pose as a powerful magician. Rivaling Merlin and gaining King Arthur's trust, Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms. But his efforts to transform feudal society face resistance from the Church and nobility, leading to conflict that threatens everything he's built.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 2.
Mark Twain
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 2.
"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Part 2." by Mark Twain is a historical novel published in 1889. When a Connecticut engineer named Hank Morgan awakens in medieval England after a head injury, he uses his modern knowledge to pose as a powerful magician. Becoming King Arthur's chief minister, Hank attempts to modernize the past and implement democratic reforms. However, his clash with tradition, the Church, and Merlin's jealousy sets the stage for an inevitable confrontation between progress and the old order.
A Crystal Age
W. H. (William Henry) Hudson
A Crystal Age
"A Crystal Age" by W. H. Hudson is a utopian novel first published in 1887. After a mysterious accident, a man awakens in a distant future society that has abandoned technology for pastoral simplicity. Captivated by a beautiful young woman named Yoletta, he struggles to understand this enigmatic world where nothing is as it seems—including age itself. As he attempts to prove his worth and win love in this strange new civilization, he must navigate customs and values completely foreign to his Victorian sensibilities.
The Dominion in 1983
Ralph Centennius
The Dominion in 1983
"The Dominion in 1983" by Ralph Centennius is a speculative narrative written in the late 19th century, specifically the 1880s. This book is a work of fiction that imagines a future Canada in the year 1983, projecting advancements in technology, society, and politics based on the prevailing values and conditions of the time. The likely topic of the book revolves around the transformation of Canadian society over a century and the implications of progress and development in that timeframe. The narrative contrasts the state of Canada in the late 19th century with a visionary portrayal of the nation a hundred years later. It starts by reflecting on the population growth, from about 5 million people to over 93 million, and discusses the technological advancements, such as the invention of "rocket-cars" that allow for rapid travel across vast distances. Centennius critiques the political divisions of the past while celebrating the loyalty and unity that emerges from crises, particularly against potential U.S. annexation. He presents a future where crime is virtually non-existent, health standards have dramatically improved, and society thrives on cooperation for public welfare. The text combines an optimistic view of social evolution with a cautionary stance on historical political struggles, ultimately depicting a transformative century marked by both technological marvels and a strong sense of national identity.
The Last American A Fragment from The Journal of Khan-li, Prince of Dimph-Yoo-Chur and Admiral in the Persian Navy
John Ames Mitchell
The Last American A Fragment from The Journal of Khan-li, Prince of Dimph-Yoo-Chur and Admiral in the Persian Navy
"The Last American" by John Ames Mitchell is a short illustrated novel published in 1889. In the year 2951, a Persian explorer named Khan-Li sails across the Atlantic and rediscovers America, long abandoned after devastating climatic changes began around 1960. Through Khan-Li's journal entries, the novel offers a satirical view of late 19th-century American society as misunderstood by future archaeologists. The Persians piece together a distorted history from ruins and artifacts, finding evidence of social upheavals and the mysterious "Murphy Dynasty" that ruled America's final decades.
Guirlanden um Die Urnen der Zukunft Eine interessante, originelle Familiengeschichte aus dem drei und zwanzigsten Jahrhunderte
A. K. Ruh
Guirlanden um Die Urnen der Zukunft Eine interessante, originelle Familiengeschichte aus dem drei und zwanzigsten Jahrhunderte
"Guirlanden um Die Urnen der Zukunft" by A. K. Ruh is a family saga written in the early 19th century. The narrative explores themes of progress and human aspiration set in the 23rd century, portraying the evolution of society and its values through the lens of family dynamics. Central to the story is Welly, the newly appointed Graf von Wallingau, and his family, as they navigate the complexities of life, relationships, and personal growth against a backdrop of a futuristic setting that blends optimism with realism. The opening of the narrative begins with a glimpse into the future as the characters prepare to face the challenges of their time. It introduces Welly, who is celebrated for his virtues and accomplishments, especially in aiding the downtrodden. As Welly enjoys a peaceful life with his wife, Jadilla, and their two children, a sense of impending conflict arises when their daughter, Jadillchen, goes missing during a family outing. This pivotal event sets in motion a series of emotional and dramatic developments that hint at the book's exploration of familial bonds, loss, and the endurance of hope in the face of adversity. The beginning establishes a rich, descriptive world where love and virtue are highly valued, setting the tone for the unfolding narrative.
A Republic Without a President, and Other Stories
Herbert D. (Herbert Dickinson) Ward
A Republic Without a President, and Other Stories
"A Republic Without a President, and Other Stories" by Herbert D. Ward is a collection of short stories reportedly written in the late 19th century. The opening story centers around a fictional and dramatic event where the President of the United States and his wife mysteriously disappear from the White House, causing national panic and intrigue. The unfolding mystery delves into political implications, abduction, and the reactions of the public and officials in response to this chilling circumstance. The beginning of this story reveals that on June 8, 1893, an announcement of the President's disappearance sends shockwaves across the nation. As newspapers publish front-page headlines detailing the events, the atmosphere is thick with suspicion and fear. Several witnesses recount strange occurrences, but the investigation leads to wild speculation and confusion, hinting at a political conspiracy behind the abduction. The narrative sets the stage for a blend of mystery, suspense, and political commentary that invites readers to ponder the implications of such an unprecedented calamity.
Λουκιανός - Άπαντα, Τόμος Τρίτος
of Samosata Lucian
Λουκιανός - Άπαντα, Τόμος Τρίτος
"Λουκιανός - Άπαντα, Τόμος Τρίτος" by Samosata Lucian is a collection of works written in the late 2nd century AD. This volume includes stories blending fantasy and satire, such as "True History," which explores outrageous adventures and fantastical scenarios that challenge historical and mythical narratives. The themes often revolve around exaggeration and the absurdity of certain tales found in ancient literature. The opening of "True History" introduces readers to a fictionalized journey that the narrator undertakes, starting from the shores of the Ocean. He embarks on a voyage, equipped with provisions and a crew, driven by curiosity to discover new worlds. Upon facing a storm that lasts 79 days, they finally make landfall on a mysterious island where they encounter various fantastical elements, including a river that flows with wine and strange humanoid creatures. The adventure escalates as they set out to explore further, setting the stage for an imaginative narrative filled with absurdity and humor.