E. Pauline Johnson
The White Wampum
"The White Wampum" by E. Pauline Johnson is a collection of poems written in the late 19th century. The work reflects the rich heritage and traditions of Indigenous people, particularly the Iroquois and Mohawk tribes, as it explores themes of love, identity, and the impact of colonization on Native life. Johnson, who was of mixed heritage, uses her poetry to convey both the beauty and the struggles of her cultural background. In this collection, Johnson crafts vivid imagery and emotional depth as she delves into various subjects, from the relationship between Indigenous people and nature to the conflicts arising from colonialism. The poems feature powerful figures such as warriors, lovers, and mothers, each expressing their joys, sorrows, and a longing for peace and understanding amidst the turbulence of their times. Johnson’s voice emerges as a bridge between cultures, celebrating her Indigenous roots while highlighting the profound challenges faced by her community, ultimately calling for empathy and recognition of their struggles.