Subject
China -- Social life and customs Books
Best books
John Dewey
Letters from China and Japan
"Letters from China and Japan" by John Dewey and Harriet Alice Chipman Dewey is a collection of letters written in the early 20th century. The book captures the experiences and reflections of John Dewey, a prominent philosopher, and his wife, Alice, during their travels in Japan and later in China. It presents keen observations on cultural interactions, societal views, and daily life in these countries, offering insights into the pair's journey amidst the backdrop of historical events unfolding during that time. The opening of the book introduces the Deweys in Tokyo, where they delight in the colorful chaos of the city, from its fashion to the lively street scenes. John's humorous accounts blend personal anecdotes with cultural commentary as he notes the peculiarities of Japanese clothing and local customs. As they navigate Tokyo's winding streets with little knowledge of the language, their awe for the unfamiliar sights shines through. The narrative sets the stage for their exploration of Japan's rich history, philosophy, and contemporary issues, while also revealing their desire to connect deeply with the culture and people they encounter along the way.
Arthur H. Smith
Village Life in China: A Study in Sociology
"Village Life in China: A Study in Sociology" by Arthur H. Smith is a sociological examination written in the late 19th century. This work dives into the intricacies of Chinese village life, exploring topics like family structures, social institutions, and cultural practices, aiming to foster a deeper understanding of the Chinese people and their way of life. Smith presents the Chinese village as a microcosm of the broader Chinese society, emphasizing both its unique characteristics and the impact of foreign influences. The opening of the book provides a foreword that reveals the author's extensive experience in China, highlighting his respect and admiration for Chinese culture and the challenges faced by its people. Smith sets the stage for the discussion by raising questions about the daily lives and thoughts of the vast rural population, contrasting it with the common misconceptions of China. He acknowledges the complexity and variety of village life while suggesting that a detailed survey of one village can yield significant insights into the entire country, preparing the reader for a thorough exploration of Chinese villages, their institutions, and the fabric of familial and communal life.
N. B. (Nicholas Belfield) Dennys
The folk-lore of China : $b and its affinities with that of the Aryan and Semitic races
"The folk-lore of China : and its affinities with that of the Aryan and Semitic…." by N. B. Dennys is a scholarly comparative folklore study written in the late 19th century. It surveys Chinese popular beliefs, superstitions, rituals, and legends and sets them alongside Aryan and Semitic traditions to show striking parallels and probable common roots. Organized systematically from life-cycle rites to omens, charms, ghosts, dragons, nature lore, legends, fables, and proverbs, it argues that Chinese folk-belief is unusually pervasive across all classes and institutions. The work aims to be both a compendium of practices and a comparative argument about shared myth-making across cultures. The opening of the work explains that it compiles earlier articles, acknowledges limited access to sources, and thanks contributors, then makes the case that China is a vast, under-studied field for folklore, whose beliefs closely resemble Western ones in principle but dominate daily life from emperor to peasant. The introduction reviews European scholarship, urges a systematic plan (birth–marriage–death, days and seasons, omens, charms, the supernatural, legends, fables), notes the role of almanacs and cheap print in preserving lore, and advances the idea of a common origin with Aryan traditions, illustrated by courtly astrology and ubiquitous geomancy. Early chapters sample practices around birth (hour-of-birth charts and verses, fertility shoes or flowers from a child goddess, demon-frightening rites, taboos like not rocking an empty cradle, postnatal talismans), marriage (rings and betrothal tokens, sieving garments over fire, veils, symbolic altar objects, honeyed wine, candle omens, cakes, threshold rites, shoe symbolism, playful contests of dominance), and death (coffin customs, lights and “saining”-like rites, roof holes for the soul, white cock emblems, vigil beliefs, paper offerings, earth on the coffin, feng-shui graves, white mourning, and dread of disturbing burials). It then outlines lucky and unlucky days and seasons (a marked weekly “rest” day of Persian derivation, the moon festival, tabulated day-qualities, New Year “first-foot” and first-words omens, and a Chinese analogue to St. Swithin), before beginning a section on portents from daily mishaps and animals (oil spills, crows, magpies, dogs, cats, crowing hens, swallows, bats, owls).
Herbert Allen Giles
China and the Chinese
"China and the Chinese" by Herbert Allen Giles is a collection of lectures written in the early 20th century. The book explores various aspects of Chinese society, including language, literature, culture, and governance, aiming to enlighten Western audiences about the complexities and historical significance of China and its people. The opening portion introduces the significance of the Chinese language and suggests that understanding it is crucial for grasping the complexities of Chinese civilization. Giles discusses the distinctiveness of colloquial and written Chinese, emphasizing the challenges and peculiarities of learning the language, such as its tones and unique characters. He notes the rapid development of Chinese scholarship in the West, encouraged by the establishment of academic chairs for Chinese studies, and offers insights into the language's structure that make it vastly different from Western languages. The result is a rich beginning to a work that seeks to bridge cultural gaps and generate interest in the intricacies of Chinese life and thought.
Mary Ninde Gamewell
The gateway to China : $b pictures of Shanghai
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Reginald Fleming Johnston
From Peking to Mandalay A Journey from North China to Burma through Tibetan Ssuch'uan and Yunnan
"From Peking to Mandalay" by Sir Reginald Fleming Johnston is a travel account written in the early 20th century. The narrative chronicles Johnston's adventurous journey through China to Burma, with a focus on the lesser-known regions of Tibetan Ssuch'uan and Yunnan. His exploration is driven by a desire to understand diverse tribes and landscapes, seeking to reveal the beauty and cultural richness of the areas he traverses. The opening of the book sets the stage for Johnston's expedition. He discusses his motivations, emphasizing that this journey is not bound by governmental or scientific interests, but rather a personal quest for knowledge and experience. Johnston describes the allure of remote places, noting the untouched beauty of China's wilderness, and reveals his delight in nature. He provides a glimpse of his itinerary, mentioning significant stops along the way and the challenges he anticipates, promising a rich depiction of both the landscape and the people he encounters on his way to Mandalay.
Herbert Allen Giles
Chinese Sketches
"Chinese Sketches" by Herbert Allen Giles is a collection of essays that explores various aspects of Chinese culture, society, and history, written in the late 19th century. The author draws upon his experiences during eight years spent in China, challenging common Western prejudices by presenting nuanced sketches of life in the celestial empire. Throughout the text, Giles aims to provide a fair and balanced view of Chinese society, countering the negative stereotypes often held by foreigners regarding the Chinese people. The opening of "Chinese Sketches" introduces the reader to the death of Emperor Tsai-Shun (T'ung Chih), detailing the events and rituals surrounding his untimely demise at a young age. Through this account, the author elucidates Chinese customs related to mourning and the significance placed on emperors by their subjects. This section is followed by a discussion on the contrasting perceptions of women's positions in Chinese society, illustrating both the hardships faced by lower-class women and the misconceptions held by foreigners. Giles's writing blends narrative storytelling with social commentary, setting the stage for his broader exploration of Chinese life and culture throughout the book.
William Alexander
The Costume of China Picturesque Representations of the Dress and Manners of the Chinese
"The Costume of China" by William Alexander is a richly illustrated historical account written in the early 19th century. This book focuses on the traditional dress and social customs of the Chinese people, illustrated through fifty colored engravings. It aims to provide insight into the attire and manners of various social classes and occupations within China during that period. In "The Costume of China," Alexander offers an extensive visual exploration of Chinese life through detailed descriptions and engravings. Each plate showcases different individuals, from fishermen and soldiers to mandarins and common citizens, giving readers a vivid depiction of traditional clothing, hairstyles, and accessories relevant to their social status. The book delves into aspects of daily life, including customs, professions, and various cultural practices unique to the society, offering valuable context about the historical and social dimensions of China. This work not only serves as a fascinating glimpse into a world that is both foreign and intriguing but also stands as a testament to the detailed observation and artistic representation characteristic of early 19th-century travel literature.
J. (John) Macgowan
Sidelights on Chinese Life
"Sidelights on Chinese Life" by J. Macgowan is a detailed social commentary written in the early 20th century. This work explores various aspects of Chinese society and culture, providing insights into family dynamics, social norms, and the character of the Chinese people. The book is likely aimed at Western audiences seeking to understand the complexities of life in China during this period, particularly from a foreign missionary's perspective. At the start of the book, the author delves into the enigmatic nature of the Chinese people, illustrating how their thought processes and cultural norms often perplex foreigners. Through anecdotes, he highlights the Chinese propensity for indirect communication, their reluctance to express emotions openly, and the sometimes contradictory qualities that define their character. The opening sets a tone of curiosity and fascination, laying the groundwork for a broader exploration of various facets of Chinese life, such as family structures and relationships, highlighting the deep-rooted traditions and values that shape society.
Ki-tong Tcheng
Chin-Chin; Or, The Chinaman at Home
"Chin-Chin; Or, The Chinaman at Home" by Ki-tong Tcheng is an anthropological work written in the late 19th century. The book provides an in-depth exploration of Chinese customs, focusing particularly on the social and cultural practices that define leisure and festivities in China. It aims to offer a unique insight into the life of the Chinese people from the perspective of someone who has experienced it firsthand. At the start of the book, the author establishes a context for understanding Chinese home life, comparing architectural styles throughout history and describing the traditional layout of a typical Chinese house. He illustrates the everyday comforts and aesthetics of domestic life while also reflecting on the cultural values embedded in their social structures. Through detailed descriptions of both the physical home and the interactions that occur within, the opening sets the stage for a broader examination of Chinese festivals and public celebrations that follow in subsequent chapters, emphasizing the simplicity and dignity of Chinese pleasures.
Anonymous
禮記
"禮記" by Anonymous is a collection of texts compiled during the Warring States period and early Han dynasty. This foundational Confucian work describes the social forms, administrative structures, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou dynasty. As one of the Five Classics, it explores the concept of li—ritual propriety and proper conduct—which Confucius believed essential for social stability and moral order. The text profoundly shaped Chinese intellectual life, serving as required study for imperial civil service examinations for nearly six centuries.
Oliver George Ready
Life and sport in China Second Edition
"Life and Sport in China" by Oliver G. Ready is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The book provides an insightful look into the daily lives, amusements, and challenges faced by Westerners living in China during a time of immense change and cultural interaction. The author aims to paint a vivid picture of the Anglo-Chinese experience, touching upon subjects such as sports, social gatherings, and the relationships between the foreign community and the local Chinese population. At the start of the work, the author reflects on the misconceptions held by the British public regarding life in China, addressing themes of isolation and misunderstanding. He recounts the foundation of Anglo-Chinese life through various treaties and the establishment of treaty ports that act as microcosms of British culture set within a predominantly Chinese environment. The opening highlights the complexities of social dynamics, including the challenges posed by differing customs and the governance structures imposed by foreign powers. Ready's narrative is characterized by a blend of personal anecdotes, humor, and keen observations that serve to enrich the reader's understanding of the unique lifestyle of Europeans living in a foreign land during this historically significant era.
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