John Toland
Hypatia
or, The history of a most beautiful, most vertuous, most learned, and every way accomplish'd lady; who was torn to pieces by the clergy of Alexandria, to gratify the pride, emulation, and cruelty of their archbishop, commonly but undeservedly styled St. Cyril
"Hypatia" by John Toland is a historical account written in the mid-18th century. The book explores the life and tragic death of Hypatia, a renowned philosopher and mathematician of ancient Alexandria, highlighting her extraordinary accomplishments and the brutal circumstances surrounding her demise at the hands of a religious mob. It aims to shed light on the tension between rising Christianity and the declining pagan philosophy of the time. The narrative follows Hypatia, who is celebrated for her beauty as well as her intellect. As the daughter of Theon, the head of the Alexandrian School, she receives an education that surpasses that available to most women of her era, eventually becoming a prominent teacher and philosopher in her own right. However, her close relationship with Orestes, the Roman governor of Alexandria, incites the envy and ire of Bishop Cyril and his followers. Their animosity culminates in a tragic conspiracy that leads to Hypatia's brutal murder, which serves both as a condemnation of the violent intersection of politics and religion during her time and as a poignant reminder of her legacy as a symbol of knowledge and virtue.