Subject
Great Britain -- Antiquities Books
Best books
Walter Johnson
Byways in British Archaeology
"Byways in British Archaeology" by Walter Johnson is a scholarly publication written in the early 20th century. The book explores themes related to archaeology within England, particularly focusing on the connections between churches and ancient pagan sites. It delves into how these later Christian structures may often occupy locations that were once significant to pre-Christian religions, offering insights into the cultural and historical influences that shaped these sites. The opening of the text introduces the author's perspective on the historical relationships between Christian churches and earlier pagan sites, emphasizing the importance of "folk-memory" in retaining traditional practices. Johnson notes that many churches were strategically placed on locations of former pagan worship, and he aims to uncover the reasoning behind these choices. He proposes that this continuity indicates not merely coincidence but a deliberate selection, suggesting that the choice of such sites may reflect a broader social and spiritual landscape where early Christians sought to integrate and transform existing beliefs rather than eradicate them entirely.
Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt
Grave-mounds and Their Contents A Manual of Archæology, as Exemplified in the Burials of the Celtic, the Romano-British, and the Anglo-Saxon Periods
"Grave-mounds and Their Contents" by Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt is a manual of archaeology written in the late 19th century. The book explores the burial practices of the ancient Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon peoples, focusing on the significant insights provided by grave-mounds, their structures, and the artifacts found within them. It aims to offer a detailed understanding of the historical importance of these burial practices and their contents in informing us about early societies in Britain. The opening of the text sets a foundational overview of the significance of grave-mounds in understanding the arts, habits, and histories of past civilizations. Jewitt discusses how these mounds, known variably as barrows, tumps, or lows, serve as crucial links to knowledge about ancient cultures and their burial customs. He explains the various forms and typical locations of these mounds, emphasizing their burial practices, which include both inhumation and cremation, as well as describing the relics unearthed in these settings that illuminate the daily lives, beliefs, and skillsets of these early inhabitants.
John Evans
The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments, of Great Britain Second Edition, Revised
"The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments, of Great Britain" by John Evans is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work serves as an extensive examination of prehistoric stone artifacts in Great Britain, detailing their classifications, uses, and methods of manufacture. It draws comparisons with similar artifacts from other regions, showcasing the advancements and practices of early human civilization. The opening of the book presents the author's preface and introductory remarks regarding the importance of studying stone implements and their place in archeological history. Evans expresses gratitude to several contributors and highlights the goal of providing comprehensive information on prehistoric tools, weapons, and ornaments. He outlines the organization of the text, indicating that it will first cover Neolithic antiquities before progressing to the Palæolithic era, and emphasizes the significant attention being given to these artifacts by archaeologists at the time. This initial section sets a scholarly tone and prepares readers for a detailed exploration of Great Britain's ancient stone heritage.
Norman Lockyer
Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered
"Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered" by Sir Norman Lockyer is a scientific publication written in the early 20th century. This work examines the relationship between ancient stone monuments, with a particular focus on Stonehenge, and astronomical principles. The author aims to show how these structures were aligned with celestial events and the sun's movements, arguing for their significance in ancient cultures. The opening of the text introduces Lockyer’s examination of the astronomical uses of Stonehenge and other British stone monuments. He references his previous work on Egyptian temples and stresses the importance of studying the orientation and observational principles related to these ancient structures. Lockyer highlights the museum’s ongoing neglect and destruction as a motivator for his research, presenting his findings as a call for further investigation and preservation of these sites. The beginning of the book sets the groundwork for a detailed exploration of astronomical observations, ancient ceremonies, and the cultural significance of these monuments.
John Evans
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.
"The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland" by John Evans is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The work focuses on the archaeological findings of bronze artifacts in the British Isles, indicating the civilization's material culture during the Bronze Age. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the tools, weapons, and decorative items utilized in ancient societies across Great Britain and Ireland, reflecting the transition from earlier stone tools. The opening of the book sets the stage for a detailed exploration of the bronze-using period, beginning with the author's explanation of the prolonged timelines involved in the transitional phases from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age, and then to the Iron Age. Evans articulates the complexities involved in defining these periods, asserting that the evolution of metal usage was gradual and influenced by various factors, including geography and culture. He also emphasizes the importance of minor details in artifacts that could yield significant insights into the evolution of ancient civilizations, hinting at the subsequent chapters that will delve deeper into the specific types of implements, their functions, and their interconnections with broader archaeological trends.
Donald A. (Donald Alexander) Mackenzie
Ancient Man in Britain
"Ancient Man in Britain" by Donald A. Mackenzie is a historical account written in the early 20th century that explores the life and culture of early humans in Britain, spanning from the Ice Age to the Roman period. The book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ancient man through evidence from various scientific fields, including archaeology and anthropology. Mackenzie emphasizes the interconnectedness of early civilizations, suggesting that the inhabitants of Britain were influenced by broader cultural movements from Europe and beyond. The opening of this work discusses early Britons of the Stone Age, challenging common misconceptions about their perceived primitiveness. Mackenzie argues that these early peoples displayed significant advancements in knowledge and skill, evidenced by sophisticated artisan practices, complex burial customs, and organized communities. He highlights their understanding of medicine and surgical practices, suggesting a level of intelligence and societal structure that goes beyond the simplistic notions of savage lifestyles. The narrative sets the stage for a deeper exploration of Britain’s ancient history, showcasing the rich cultural heritage that arose from these early inhabitants.
David MacRitchie
Fians, Fairies and Picts
"Fians, Fairies and Picts" by David MacRitchie is a historical and folkloric treatise written in the late 19th century. The work investigates the interrelation among the Fians, Fairies, and Picts, suggesting that these entities may historically represent the same or closely related peoples. Through an examination of folklore, archaeology, and historical accounts, the book seeks to bridge the mythical interpretations of fairies and fabled races with tangible historical narratives about ancient peoples in Scotland. The opening of the treatise lays a foundation for MacRitchie's argument by introducing the reader to key concepts from the works of other scholars, particularly J.F. Campbell. The text begins with a discussion of the importance of understanding folklore as a potentially factual recounting of history, rather than purely mythical tales. MacRitchie explores the notion that the Picts may have been a physically diminutive race living in subterranean dwellings, commonly identified with the fairies in popular tradition. He presents a robust framework for examining how cultural beliefs can evolve over time, blurring the lines between fact and legend, and sets out to convey that remnants of these beliefs could offer significant insight into the social history of early inhabitants of the British Isles.
T. (Thomas) Kerslake
Vestiges of the supremacy of Mercia in the south of England during the eighth century
"Vestiges of the Supremacy of Mercia in the South of England During the Eighth Century" by Thomas Kerslake is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This work examines the influence and control of the Mercian kingdom over parts of southern England during the eighth century, focusing particularly on pertinent historical figures and events. The book likely addresses the connections between Mercia and surrounding regions, highlighting how Mercia's dominance shaped the political landscape of what would become England. The opening of the book sets a tone of scholarly investigation as Kerslake begins by discussing the origins of the church of St. Werburgh in Bristol and its historical significance. He introduces the idea of using scant historical records and monumental evidence to infer the early foundations of local history. The text elaborates on the territorial boundaries and rivalries between Mercia and Wessex, particularly through figures like King Æthelbald, and traces remnants of Mercian influence in place names and church dedications across the region. Kerslake's analysis combines historical narrative with archaeological insights to uncover the residues of Mercian supremacy, initiating an exploration that intertwines local history with broader national narratives.
Alfred Watkins
Early British trackways, moats, mounds, camps, and sites
"Early British Trackways, Moats, Mounds, Camps, and Sites" by Alfred Watkins is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The book meticulously investigates the ancient trackways and associated structures in Britain, delving into their design and function from prehistoric times through the Roman occupation. Watkins proposes a systematic approach to understanding how these features were interconnected and the implications of their layouts for early human activity and navigation. At the start of the work, the author reflects on the prevailing misconceptions surrounding the study of ancient trackways, highlighting the need for new evidence and methods to uncover their true nature. He outlines how his exploration of maps and field observations led to the discovery of sighting lines linking various structures, such as mounds, moats, and churches. Watkins calls upon readers to engage in their own investigations, providing a rationale grounded in physical evidence and urging a collaborative effort to re-evaluate previous conclusions held by antiquarians. This opening portion sets the stage for a deeper exploration of how these ancient routes and landmarks are aligned in ways that reveal a sophisticated planning system employed by early Britons.
Gilbert J. (Gilbert James) French
An Attempt to Explain the Origin and Meaning of the Early Interlaced Ornamentation Found on the Sculptured Stones of Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man
"An Attempt to Explain the Origin and Meaning of the Early Interlaced Ornamentation Found on the Ancient Sculptured Stones of Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man" by Gilbert J. French is a scholarly publication written in the mid-19th century. The book investigates the origins of the intricate interlaced designs commonly seen in ancient artwork across the British Isles, particularly those found in early stone carvings. It is an exploration into how these decorative elements transitioned through various cultural periods, including pre-Christian and Christian influences on art in Britain. In this work, French argues that the interlaced ornamentation on early sculpted stones is indicative of a historical lineage tied to the craftsmanship of basket-making among the ancient Britons, suggesting that these styles of decoration were influenced by the patterns created through traditional weaving techniques. He meticulously correlates the artistic developments within basketry to the carved stone ornaments, positing that the attributes of these two forms are intrinsically linked. Through careful observation, historical context, and references to archaeological findings, French presents a comprehensive theory about the enduring legacy of basket-making on British artistry, ultimately proposing that these early interlaced designs symbolically represent a melding of ancient craft practices with evolving religious iconography.
Charles Edward Davis
The Excavations of Roman Baths at Bath
"The Excavations of Roman Baths at Bath" by Charles Edward Davis is a detailed historical account written in the late 19th century. This publication primarily focuses on the archaeological findings related to the Roman baths in Bath, England. The book captures the significance of these ancient structures and discusses the discoveries made during various excavations, shedding light on Roman engineering and bathing culture. In his work, Davis meticulously documents the process of uncovering the Roman Baths, providing insights into the layout and construction of the baths, as well as the historical context of Bath as a city that thrived during Roman times. He describes various baths, architectural features, and the intricate systems in place for managing the hot mineral waters from the springs. Through detailed accounts of excavations and references to earlier works, Davis navigates the evolution of the Roman baths and their enduring impact on the archaeological landscape, emphasizing the importance of preserving these remnants of Roman history.
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