D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
On Growth and Form
"On Growth and Form" by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson is a scientific work published in 1917. This mathematical exploration of biology challenges evolution as the sole explanation for living organisms' shapes and structures. Thompson demonstrates how physical laws and mechanics govern biological forms, drawing striking parallels between jellyfish and falling liquid drops, bird bones and engineering trusses, and plant spirals and mathematical sequences. His famous transformation method reveals how animal skulls can be mathematically related through coordinate grids, pioneering an entirely new approach to understanding life's architecture.