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Hallucinations and illusions Books
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Charles Mackay
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds
"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds" by Charles Mackay is an early study of crowd psychology first published in 1841. This journalistic work examines humanity's susceptibility to collective manias through three volumes exploring financial bubbles, religious crusades, witch trials, alchemy, and countless other follies. Mackay debunks popular delusions with colorful anecdotes and sensational storytelling, from Dutch tulip mania to the influence of politics on beard styles. His analysis of economic bubbles remains influential, credited with helping financiers predict market crashes and understand modern speculation.
Charles Mackay
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 3
"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 3" by Charles Mackay is a volume first published in 1841. This final volume explores humanity's philosophical delusions, focusing on the misguided pursuits of alchemists seeking to transform base metals into gold. Mackay examines how practitioners and their noble sponsors fell prey to elaborate deceptions and self-delusion. The volume also investigates fortune-telling and magnetisers who claimed to cure diseases through imagination, revealing the persistent human susceptibility to pseudoscientific beliefs and supernatural explanations across centuries.
John Ferriar
An essay towards a theory of apparitions
"An Essay Towards a Theory of Apparitions" by John Ferriar is a scientific publication written in the early 19th century. The work aims to explore the phenomenon of apparitions through a systematic and rational approach, proposing medical and psychological explanations for spectral impressions observed in various historical anecdotes and personal testimonies. The opening of the essay sets the stage for an extensive examination of apparitions, beginning with the assertion that forms of deceased or absent individuals have been witnessed by credible witnesses. Ferriar outlines his plans to dissect the reality of spectral visions by exploring the human sensory system, the influence of physiological states on perceptions, and historical cases of spectral sightings, including credible testimonies from antiquity and more recent sources. He aims to provide clarity on how these apparitions are often misinterpreted, suggesting that many instances can be attributed to illusions and delusions rather than supernatural causes.
Charles Mackay
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 1
"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 1" by Charles Mackay is a study of crowd psychology first published in 1841. This journalistic exploration examines how entire societies fall prey to irrational beliefs and financial manias. Mackay investigates economic bubbles like the South Sea Company and Dutch tulip mania, alongside witch trials, alchemy, the Crusades, and countless other collective obsessions. Through colorful anecdotes and debunking analysis, he reveals how crowds abandon reason and embrace delusion, offering timeless lessons about human behavior that continue influencing financial thinkers today.
Charles Mackay
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 2
"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 2" by Charles Mackay is a study of crowd psychology first published in 1841. This volume examines humanity's most fervent collective manias, from the religious fervor of the Crusades to the deadly witch trials that swept through Europe. Mackay chronicles how thousands fell victim to mass hysteria, how neighbors turned against each other with flimsy evidence, and how entire societies succumbed to irrational beliefs. Through vivid storytelling, he reveals the dangerous power of popular delusion across centuries.
James Sully
Illusions: A Psychological Study
"Illusions: A Psychological Study" by James Sully is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work delves deeply into the concept of illusions, examining the various types and their origins from both psychological and physiological perspectives. The focus is on understanding the nature of perceptual error and how it relates to the broader processes of human cognition and belief. The opening of the work sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the topic, beginning with an overview of common misconceptions surrounding illusions. It contrasts common perceptions of illusion as something that excludes rational thought with the idea that everyone is susceptible to illusions under different circumstances. Sully emphasizes the importance of studying illusions from a psychological standpoint, suggesting that this inquiry can illuminate both normal and abnormal mental functioning. He concludes this introductory section by proposing a scientific definition of illusion that encompasses various types of cognitive errors, thereby establishing a framework for the detailed analysis that follows.
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