Subject
Indians of North America -- Folklore Books
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First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1879-1880, Government Printing Office 1881
"First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology" by John Wesley Powell is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This report details the establishment and operations of the Bureau of Ethnology, which focuses on researching and compiling information on North American anthropology, specifically regarding its indigenous peoples. The report covers various studies undertaken during the Bureau's first fiscal year, showcasing significant collaborations and findings in linguistics, cultural customs, and historical accounts. The opening of the report describes the context of its creation, including the transition from previous geological and geographical surveys to the establishment of the Bureau dedicated to ethnological research. It mentions Powell's role as the Director and outlines various methods of operation, highlighting the collaborative nature of the research. Additionally, it references the contributions of numerous scholars and assistants in documenting languages, customs, and social structures among various Native American tribes, setting the stage for the detailed studies that follow in the subsequent sections.
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American Indian life
"American Indian Life" by Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons and C. Grant La Farge is a collection of narratives and stories written in the early 20th century. The book aims to present the cultural and social life of Native Americans through the eyes of various anthropologists and contributors, drawing upon real-life experiences rather than the romanticized views often associated with fictional portrayals. This collaborative work seeks to educate the general reader about the complexity of American Indian cultures, moving beyond stereotypes by showcasing authentic stories and traditions. At the start of this cultural anthology, the narrative introduces the character Takes-the-pipe, a young Crow warrior, recounting his early memories amidst a bustling tribal community. His childhood is marked by family interactions, playful rivalries with other boys, and the significance of early training in archery and tribal practices. The opening chapters set the stage for Takes-the-pipe's growth and development within his tribe, emphasizing the interconnectedness of personal experiences with the broader Crow traditions. Through his adventures, readers are guided into the heart of Native American life, encompassing joy, duty, and the deep cultural values that shape the identity of the protagonist and his people.
Albert S. (Albert Samuel) Gatschet
A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, vol. 1 With a Linguistic, Historic and Ethnographic Introduction
"A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, vol. 1" by Albert S. Gatschet is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The book explores the language, history, and ethnography of the Creek Indians, centering around the examination of the Kasi'hta migration legend. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern United States, making connections between different tribes and their languages. The opening of this volume presents a detailed prefatory note and introduction that set the stage for the study of the Creek Indian culture and language. It explains the significance of the Kasi'hta migration legend and outlines the structure of the volume, which includes a comprehensive discussion on the linguistic groups in the Gulf States and focuses heavily on the Creek tribe and its connections to surrounding nations. The author elaborates on the methodology behind the research, emphasizing the importance of language in understanding ethnographic contexts, while also acknowledging the limitations faced due to the historical interactions and the decline of various tribes.
Lewis Spence
The Myths of the North American Indians
"The Myths of the North American Indians" by Lewis Spence is a scholarly account of the mythology and cultural traditions of North American Indigenous peoples, written in the early 20th century. The work seeks to shed light on a subject often overlooked, aiming to present a comprehensive view of the mythologies of various tribes while blending historical and ethnological insights. The narrative emphasizes the stark differences between Native American and European worldviews, indicating that a proper understanding of Indian myth requires recognizing these differences. The opening of the book sets the stage by discussing the historical neglect of North American Indian mythologies and the misconceptions that have emerged from European indifference and misunderstanding. Spence reflects on the curiosity and astonishment that early Europeans felt upon encountering the Native peoples, contrasting their previous knowledge of other cultures with their lack of awareness about the rich traditions of American Indians. He criticizes outdated and fanciful theories about the Indigenes, while outlining the volume's purpose: to provide a general overview of the myths, their cultural significance, and the impacts of various environmental factors on the development of these narratives. The emphasis is placed on establishing a well-rounded understanding of the cultural contexts from which these myths arose, highlighting the intersection of myth, nature, and the historical experiences of Native peoples.
Charles Godfrey Leland
Algonquin Legends of New England
"Algonquin Legends of New England" by Charles Godfrey Leland is a collection of myths and folklore derived from the Micmac, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot tribes, recorded during the late 19th century. The work aims to preserve the rich cultural heritage of these Northeastern Algonquin tribes by compiling and narrating their ancient tales, which explore themes of creation, morality, and the relationship between humanity and the divine. At the start of the book, Leland introduces his efforts to collect these legends from Indian narrators and highlights the surprising complexity and antiquity of their mythology. He outlines the main figure, Glooskap, a demigod representing the good principle, and his evil twin, Malsum, or the Wolf. As the narrative unfolds, it reveals Glooskap's benevolent deeds, such as creating humans and animals, while also suggesting a parallel between these legends and Norse mythology. The opening sets the stage for a captivating exploration of folklore that weaves together elements of the natural world with the spiritual beliefs of these indigenous cultures, inviting readers to delve into a world rich in storytelling and tradition.
W. T. (William Trowbridge) Larned
American Indian Fairy Tales
"American Indian Fairy Tales" by W. T. Larned is a collection of folklore stories written in the early 20th century. The work draws upon legends collected by Henry R. Schoolcraft and emphasizes the narratives of the Native American culture, integrating themes of courage, wisdom, and the relationship between humans and nature. The book’s structure features various tales, enriching readers with insights into the traditions of American Indians. At the start of the book, the reader is introduced to Iagoo, a revered storyteller among the children of his tribe. He possesses vast knowledge of nature and folklore, captivating the young ones with tales about animals, the changing seasons, and the mystical beings of their world. The first story he shares recounts the adventures of Shin-ge-bis, a charming diver who, undeterred by the fierce North Wind, asserts his bravery and cleverness. This opening sets the tone for a series of enchanting stories that reflect the values, challenges, and joys of life as understood by Native Americans.
Anonymous
Folk-Lore and Legends: North American Indian
"Folk-Lore and Legends: North American Indian" by Anonymous is a collection of folklore tales written in the late 19th century. This compilation seeks to illuminate the primitive character and beliefs of North American Indigenous peoples through their rich tapestry of myths and legends. The stories portray themes of nature, morality, and the complexities of human emotions, often featuring significant cultural figures like Manabozho, a prominent character in several tales. The opening of the collection introduces readers to various Indigenous narratives, emphasizing their values and cultural significance. It begins with the tale of Moowis, a young man whose unrequited love leads him down a path of magic and mischief, where he creates a figure from rags to teach a lesson to the woman who spurned him. It evokes a sense of the enchanting yet harsh realities of life, and weaves in themes of love, pride, and transformation. As the narrative unfolds, it becomes evident that these stories serve not only as entertainment but also as valuable insights into the spiritual and moral fabric of Native American societies.
George Bird Grinnell
Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales With notes on the origin, customs and character of the Pawnee people
"Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales" by George Bird Grinnell is a collection of indigenous narratives written in the late 19th century. This work presents the rich oral tradition of the Pawnee people, chronicling their legends, hero stories, and folk tales, while also providing insights into their customs, beliefs, and way of life. It reflects on the transformation of the Pawnee community as they adapt to changing times and the importance of preserving their stories for future generations. The opening of the book introduces Grinnell’s journey to the Pawnee Agency where he seeks to document the tribe’s stories before they are lost forever. He recounts a significant meeting with Eagle Chief, reflecting the deep connection between the storyteller and the traditions being passed down orally through generations. The text struggles with the loss of heritage as the younger generation moves toward a more modern existence, emphasizing the importance of recording these tales not just for historical value but to maintain the cultural identity of the Pawnee people. Grinnell’s mission as a recorder of these narratives is clear, aiming to present the tales in their purest form, offering readers a genuine glimpse into the Pawnee's character and worldview.
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft
The Myth of Hiawatha, and Other Oral Legends, Mythologic and Allegoric, of the North American Indians
"The Myth of Hiawatha, and Other Oral Legends, Mythologic and Allegoric, of the North American Indians" by Henry R. Schoolcraft is a collection of Native American myths and legends written in the mid-19th century. The work serves as a rich anthology of oral traditions, with a particular emphasis on the character of Hiawatha, also known as Manabozho, who is portrayed as a cultural hero and a pivotal figure in the folklore of various North American tribes. Through these stories, Schoolcraft explores the beliefs, customs, and values of the indigenous peoples, inviting readers to appreciate the depth of their mythology and the intricacies of their worldview. At the start of this compilation, Schoolcraft provides a detailed preface discussing the origins and significance of the legends being presented, highlighting their role as reflections of Indian character and thought. He elaborates on Hiawatha’s portrayal as a heroic figure, detailing his adventures, relationships with nature, and interactions with other characters, including his grandmother and spirits. The opening segment sets up the narrative as a conversation between the legendary past and the social realities of the Native Americans, emphasizing their struggles, aspirations, and the profound philosophical insights embedded within their myths. Through Schoolcraft's narrative style, readers are invited into a world where ancient traditions and stories unfold against the backdrop of the North American landscape.
James Willard Schultz
Blackfeet Tales of Glacier National Park
"Blackfeet Tales of Glacier National Park" by James Willard Schultz is a collection of Indigenous stories and legends, likely written in the early 20th century. This work captures the cultural heritage, traditions, and historical experiences of the Blackfeet people as they interact with their environment, specifically within Glacier National Park. The tales draw upon elements of history, mythology, and natural beauty, showcasing the rich narrative tradition of the Blackfeet. At the start of the book, Schultz reintroduces himself to his Blackfeet relatives as he camps along the mountain trails that were historically significant for hunting. He reflects on the enduring connection between the Blackfeet and the land, recounting significant figures from the past, such as Hugh Monroe, a white man who integrated into the tribe and became respected among them. The opening stories highlight both the struggles against encroaching white settlers and the reverence for the natural world, illustrated through the character of Weasel Woman, who defies societal norms to become a warrior. The blend of personal memories and traditional tales sets a poignant tone that invites readers to explore a complex perspective on Native American history and culture.
Jeremiah Curtin
Creation Myths of Primitive America In relation to the Religious History and Mental Development of Mankind
"Creation Myths of Primitive America" by Jeremiah Curtin is a collection of ethnographic narratives written in the late 19th century. This work explores the rich tapestry of creation myths from various indigenous cultures in America, detailing their perspectives on the origin of the world, nature, and humanity. The book likely emphasizes the spiritual and religious significance of these myths in the greater context of human belief systems. The opening of this work presents a comprehensive introduction to the creation myths of primitive America, detailing their narrative structure and thematic elements. Curtin discusses the dual worlds that are described in many myths: one of peace and harmony in a world before creation and another filled with conflict and transformation, whereby the first people metamorphosed into various elements of the natural world. The section also introduces key characters and motifs, such as the transformation of the first people into animals and the roles of significant deities like Olelbis, who oversees creation and the continuous cycle of life. Overall, this introduction sets the stage for a deeper exploration of individual myths and their cultural implications in subsequent chapters.
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Wigwam stories told by North American Indians
"Wigwam Stories Told by North American Indians" by Judd and Henook-Makhewe-Kelenaka is a children's literature book published in 1901. This collection presents Native American traditions, myths, and folklore as told by tribal members and compiled by Mary Catherine Judd. Focusing primarily on nature myths, the book features stories carefully examined by ethnologists and illustrated with artwork by Angel De Cora and photographs selected by Native American students. The tales draw from sources that inspired Longfellow's "Hiawatha," offering readers an authentic glimpse into tribal customs and heroic legends.
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