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Indians of North America -- Government relations Books
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First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1879-1880, Government Printing Office 1881
"First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology" by John Wesley Powell is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This report details the establishment and operations of the Bureau of Ethnology, which focuses on researching and compiling information on North American anthropology, specifically regarding its indigenous peoples. The report covers various studies undertaken during the Bureau's first fiscal year, showcasing significant collaborations and findings in linguistics, cultural customs, and historical accounts. The opening of the report describes the context of its creation, including the transition from previous geological and geographical surveys to the establishment of the Bureau dedicated to ethnological research. It mentions Powell's role as the Director and outlines various methods of operation, highlighting the collaborative nature of the research. Additionally, it references the contributions of numerous scholars and assistants in documenting languages, customs, and social structures among various Native American tribes, setting the stage for the detailed studies that follow in the subsequent sections.
Helen Hunt Jackson
A Century of Dishonor A Sketch of the United States Government's Dealings with Some of the Indian Tribes
"A Century of Dishonor" by Helen Hunt Jackson is a non-fiction book published in 1881 that chronicles the United States government's mistreatment of Native Americans. Inspired by Standing Bear's testimony about forced removal, Jackson documented systematic injustices through tribal histories, broken treaties, and massacres. She sent copies to every member of Congress at her own expense, hoping to awaken America's conscience to what she called "a century of dishonor" and spur meaningful reform of federal Indian policy.
Francis Amasa Walker
The Indian Question
"The Indian Question" by Francis Amasa Walker is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The work examines the complex and often contentious relationship between the United States government and Native American tribes, particularly in light of legislative changes and policies implemented during this period. The text delves into the historical context of treaties, the rights of indigenous peoples, and the challenges surrounding their sovereignty and future. At the start of the book, Walker outlines the significant legislative changes that altered the recognition of Indian tribes, particularly the 1871 Congressional declaration that ended the federal acknowledgment of Indian nations as independent entities. He explores the ramifications of this decision on historical treaty agreements and the longstanding policies that previously recognized tribal sovereignty. Walker also reflects on the historical relationships between Native Americans and European settlers, emphasizing the need for a new approach to managing Indian affairs in light of changing dynamics and pressures from settlement expansion. He sets the stage for a deeper discussion of potential paths forward for both the government and the tribes, emphasizing the ineffectiveness of prior policies and the urgent need for more humane and effective measures.
Simon Pokagon
The Red Man's Rebuke
"The Red Man's Rebuke" by Simon Pokagon is a compelling historical account written in the late 19th century. This work serves as a poignant manifesto that articulates the grievances of the Native American people, specifically the Pottawattamie tribe, against the injustices they faced due to colonization and the loss of their lands and way of life. Through passionate language and vivid imagery, Pokagon critiques the colonial mindset of the "pale-faced" settlers and their destructive impact on the native populace and environment. In this evocative text, Pokagon underscores the tragedy of Native American experience following European settlement. He laments the destruction of their homes, culture, and natural resources, expressing deep sorrow for the loss of a harmonious existence. The narrative intertwines personal and collective suffering, drawing attention to the betrayals perpetrated against indigenous peoples—such as the enforcement of broken treaties and the introduction of devastating substances like alcohol. The book serves both as a historical reflection and a heartfelt appeal for understanding and justice, presenting a unifying voice that seeks to reclaim the dignity and rights of the Red Man amid overwhelming adversity.
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft
Narrative of an Expedition Through the Upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake, the Actual Source of This River Embracing an Exploratory Trip Through the St. Croix and Burntwood (or Broule) Rivers
"Narrative of an Expedition Through the Upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake" by Henry R. Schoolcraft is a historical account written in the early 19th century. The work details Schoolcraft's explorative journey aimed at uncovering the source of the Mississippi River. The expedition focuses on interactions with Native American tribes, geographic observations, and the pressing need for peace between warring factions, particularly the Chippewa and Sioux nations. The opening of the narrative sets the stage for the expedition, describing the governmental directives leading up to the journey and the important tasks assigned to Schoolcraft, such as pacifying conflicts between the Chippewa and Sioux and gathering statistical information regarding the tribes. Schoolcraft reflects on previous expeditions aimed at exploring the Mississippi and highlights the significance of this journey in furthering understanding of the region and its indigenous inhabitants. He shares his intentions and outlines the exploration’s objectives, all while emphasizing the importance of establishing communication and peace among the tribes he encounters.
Charles C. Royce
Cessions of Land by Indian Tribes to the United States: Illustrated by Those in the State of Indiana First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 247-262
"Cessions of Land by Indian Tribes to the United States: Illustrated by Those in the State of Indiana" by C. C. Royce is a historical account written during the late 19th century. This work explores the complex legal and historical relationships between Native American tribes and the United States government regarding land cessions. It focuses specifically on the treaties negotiated with various Indian tribes in Indiana, detailing the process and implications of these land cessions. The book illuminates the legal debates surrounding Indian title and the rights of indigenous peoples to their land, explaining how the United States claimed sovereignty over territories formerly occupied by Native Americans. Royce meticulously documents specific treaties and cessions, providing a chronological and geographic overview of land transfers from Indian tribes to the government. Through maps and detailed descriptions of the boundaries established in these treaties, the author highlights the challenges faced in identifying historic land claims amid changing names and boundaries, revealing a narrative of negotiation, conflict, and the eventual relinquishment of Native lands.
Samuel Hopkins
An Address to the People of New-England Representing the very great importance of attaching the Indians to their interest, not only by treating them justly and kindly, but by using proper endeavours to settle Christianity among them
"An Address to the People of New-England" by Samuel Hopkins is a historical and religious publication written in the mid-18th century. The book addresses the critical importance of establishing just and friendly relations with Native Americans in New England, particularly in the context of promoting Christianity among them. It argues that such efforts are not only morally right but also essential for the safety and prosperity of the British provinces in America. In this work, Hopkins outlines the necessity of treating Indigenous groups with kindness and justice to secure their allegiance against potential threats, particularly from French forces. He emphasizes that engaging the Natives as allies through fair dealings and the dissemination of Christian teachings is paramount. By providing practical recommendations, including fair trade practices and the establishment of schools and support for ministers, he posits that these measures would foster goodwill and prevent alliance with the French. Ultimately, his address is both a call to moral action and a practical guide for colonial relationships with Native American tribes, aiming for peace and cooperation.
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