Ignác Goldziher
Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development
"Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development" by Ignác Goldziher is a scholarly work on comparative mythology written in the late 19th century. This book explores the nature and significance of Hebrew mythology, arguing against the long-held belief that the Semitic people were devoid of mythological capacity. It delves into how myths arise from natural phenomena and psychological processes, setting a foundation for a scientific understanding of Hebrew myths in relation to other cultures. The opening of this text establishes an essential premise that mythology is a universal human faculty, not restricted by race or language; rather, it emerges from the psychological processes shared across humanity. Goldziher contends that Hebrew mythology should be analyzed similarly to other mythologies, showing that Hebrew myths are deeply rooted in natural and psychological contexts. He distinguishes between myth and religion, laying the groundwork for a more profound exploration of how mythological elements are intertwined with the historical narratives in Hebrew texts, notably analyzing figures like the patriarchs and the heroes in the Book of Judges as essential sources for understanding Hebrew mythology.