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Light -- Speed Books

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Albert A. (Albert Abraham) Michelson

On the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous æther

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Albert A. (Albert Abraham) Michelson

Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light Made at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis

"Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light" by Albert A. Michelson is a scientific publication written during the late 19th century. The book details Michelson's groundbreaking experiments conducted at the U.S. Naval Academy aimed at determining the speed of light with high precision. Michelson's work is significant in the history of physics as it laid the groundwork for future explorations of light and contributed to the development of more advanced optical methods. In this publication, Michelson describes the experimental setup, including the use of a revolving mirror apparatus and extensive measurements taken between mirrors located 1986.23 feet apart. Through a series of trials and corrections for errors, he arrives at a mean value for the velocity of light, ultimately finding it to be approximately 299,940 kilometers per second. Michelson also addresses various methodological challenges and objections regarding the accuracy of his measurements, such as the effects of atmospheric conditions and the precision of his measuring tools. His meticulous approach showcases the transition into more rigorous experimental physics, elevating the scientific understanding of light's velocity in a systematic and quantifiable manner.

H. (Hippolyte) Fizeau

On the effect of the motion of a body upon the velocity with which it is traversed by light

"Translated from the Annales de chimie et de physique for December 1859."

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