Subject
Logic, Symbolic and mathematical Books
Best books
John Venn
The Logic of Chance, 3rd edition An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, With Especial Reference to Its Logical Bearings and Its Application to Moral and Social Science and to Statistics
"The Logic of Chance, 3rd edition" by John Venn is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work focuses on the foundations and theoretical aspects of probability, exploring its implications and applications in moral and social sciences, as well as statistics. The author aims to bridge the gap between mathematical probability and philosophical inquiry, arguing against the common perception that probability is merely a mathematical discipline devoid of substantive philosophical value. At the start of the text, Venn establishes the foundations of probability, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nature of series and how they relate to probability theory. He discusses the distinction between various types of assertions in natural phenomena, noting that while individual instances may appear chaotic, larger aggregates often reveal underlying patterns of regularity. Venn critiques the prevailing views of probability as purely mathematical, asserting that its principles are integral to broader philosophical discussions. He sets the stage for a rigorous exploration of probabilistic concepts, addressing misconceptions and laying the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of probabilistic laws and applications.
Lewis Carroll
Symbolic Logic
"Symbolic Logic" by Lewis Carroll is a work on logic and reasoning, likely written in the late 19th century. The book serves as an introduction to the principles of symbolic logic, providing readers with a framework to understand logical propositions and arguments through structured methods. Carroll aims to make the study of logic accessible and engaging, attempting to appeal to a youthful audience. The opening of "Symbolic Logic" features an explanation of logical premises using examples, including the construction of syllogisms—logical conclusions derived from two premises. Carroll introduces various terms such as "things" and "attributes," laying groundwork for understanding classes and the process of classification in logic. As he discusses how to combine premises and reach conclusions logically, he sets the stage for the more complex concepts that will follow in the subsequent chapters. The detailed, methodical approach indicates that this work not only aims to teach formal logic but also seeks to engage readers in intellectual exploration.
Lewis Carroll
The Game of Logic
"The Game of Logic" by Lewis Carroll is a book published in 1886. Using a playful board game with colored coins, Carroll transforms abstract logical propositions into tangible puzzles. Players place red and gray coins across quadrants representing variations of statements like "Some fresh cakes are sweet." The system progresses from simple two-part diagrams to complex three-dimensional problems, teaching syllogisms and logical reasoning through interactive play. This mathematical work reveals Carroll's lesser-known identity as an academic logician.
George Boole
The calculus of logic
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