G. Murray (George Murray) Levick
Antarctic Penguins: A Study of Their Social Habits
"Antarctic Penguins: A Study of Their Social Habits" by G. Murray Levick is a scientific publication written in the early 20th century. The book closely examines the social behaviors and nesting habits of Adélie penguins in the Antarctic, focusing particularly on their arrival at breeding colonies and interactions with each other. Through detailed observations, Levick aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these unique creatures and their adaptation to one of Earth's harshest environments. At the start of the study, the author describes the arrival of Adélie penguins at the Cape Adare rookery, marking the beginning of their breeding season. He notes the initial calmness of the birds as they settle into the area, often separated into pairs, groups, or remaining solitary while establishing their nests. Levick documents their behaviors, such as the pecking rivalries among hens, and the frantic stone-collecting efforts by the males for nest-building. His keen observations capture the different personalities of the penguins, from the vigilant and spirited individuals to those that are more submissive, establishing a foundation for the social dynamics he will explore throughout the book.