Subject
Philosophy, Modern -- 18th century Books
Best books
Voltaire
Letters on England
"Letters on England" by Voltaire is a series of essays published in 1733, based on his experiences living in Britain between 1726 and 1729. Through twenty-four letters, Voltaire examines English religion, politics, commerce, medicine, and intellectual life, often comparing them favorably to their French counterparts. His observations on Quakers, Parliament, trade, and thinkers like Newton and Locke present England as a model of tolerance and liberty. The book was suppressed in France for its implicit criticism of the French system.
Max Pearson Cushing
Baron d'Holbach : a Study of Eighteenth Century Radicalism in France
"Baron d'Holbach: A Study of Eighteenth Century Radicalism in France" by Max Pearson Cushing is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This scholarly examination delves into the life and influence of Paul-Henri Thiry, the Baron d'Holbach, spotlighting his radical philosophical ideas during the Enlightenment period in France. The work emphasizes Holbach's role in the anti-theistic movement and his connections with other prominent intellectual figures, making it a significant contribution to the understanding of radical thought in that era. The opening of the study introduces d'Holbach's background, including his early life, education, and the influential friendships he cultivated in Paris. It highlights his relationships with key thinkers like Diderot, Rousseau, and Hume, setting the stage for an exploration of his substantial writings and the impact they had on the chilling discourse surrounding religious and philosophical debate during the time. The text presents Holbach as a central figure whose work exemplified the burgeoning atheism that challenged the long-held religious doctrines and carried insights into the social and political ramifications these ideas would herald, especially as they foreshadowed the tumultuous changes leading to the French Revolution.
Immanuel Kant
Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?
"Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" by Immanuel Kant is an essay published in 1784. Responding to a provocative question posed in a Berlin journal, Kant provides his classic definition of enlightenment and challenges humanity to escape self-imposed immaturity. He argues that people must dare to think independently, free from the comfortable guidance of others. Through his famous motto "Sapere aude!"—dare to know—Kant explores why laziness and fear keep most people intellectually dependent, and what conditions might enable true public enlightenment.
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