Subject
Soul -- Early works to 1800 Books
Best books
Plato
Phaedrus
"Phaedrus" by Plato is a dialogue written around 370 BC. Socrates encounters the young Phaedrus outside Athens, who has just heard a speech about love. What begins as a countryside stroll becomes an intricate philosophical exploration of love, rhetoric, and the human soul. Through three competing speeches, Socrates and Phaedrus debate whether it's better to favor a lover or a non-lover, ultimately revealing deeper questions about divine madness, the soul's nature, and the proper practice of persuasive speech.
Porphyry
Select works of Porphyry : $b Containing his four books on abstinence from animal food; his treatise on the Homeric cave of the nymphs; and his Auxiliaries to the perception of intelligible natures. With an appendix, explaining the allegory of the wandering of Ulysses
"Select works of Porphyry : Containing his four books on abstinence from animal…." by Porphyry is a collection of philosophical treatises written in the 3rd century. It gathers his ethical case for abstaining from animal food, an allegorical interpretation of Homer’s Cave of the Nymphs, and brief auxiliaries for understanding intelligible realities, here presented in English with scholarly framing. The focus is Neoplatonic ethics and metaphysics aimed at a contemplative, purified life, with a translator’s appendix elaborating the Odyssey’s allegory. The opening of the volume presents a translator’s introduction that sketches Porphyry’s life, his role in transmitting and clarifying Platonism, and outlines the contents and aims of the included works. Then Book I of On Abstinence begins as a letter rebuking a friend (Firmus) for returning to meat-eating; Porphyry announces that he will answer the strongest objections—from Stoics, Peripatetics, Epicureans, and a polemicist named Clodius—and he summarizes their claims about justice, utility, law, sacrifice, medicine, population, and transmigration. He then marks off his true audience—those seeking a contemplative life—and argues that happiness is living according to intellect, which requires withdrawing from the senses and passions (especially those inflamed by diet), cultivating solitude and moderation, and choosing light, simple foods so the soul loosens its bond to the body and turns upward to intelligible being.
Lodowick Muggleton
A True Interpretation of the Witch of Endor
"A True Interpretation of the Witch of Endor" by Lodowick Muggleton is a theological treatise written in the early 18th century. The work delves into the biblical account of the Witch of Endor as described in the Old Testament, specifically addressing the nature of Familiar Spirits and the interactions between the living and the deceased, particularly focusing on King Saul's encounter with the witch and the spirit of the prophet Samuel. Muggleton seeks to clarify what it means for spirits to exist without bodies and critiques prevailing notions about the afterlife and witchcraft. The opening of the treatise presents Muggleton's intent to interpret the Biblical text regarding the Witch of Endor, questioning the commonly held belief that spirits can exist independently of their bodies. He argues against the idea that the witch raised Samuel to communicate with Saul, suggesting instead that what was perceived as Samuel's voice was a product of Saul's own guilty conscience. Muggleton explains that the familiar spirits witches purportedly communicate with are rooted in their own imaginations rather than entities external to themselves. This foundational argument sets the stage for Muggleton's exploration of scripture and his challenge to longstanding interpretations surrounding necromancy and the nature of spiritual existence.
Plato
Φαίδρος
"Φαίδρος" by Plato is a dialogue composed around 370 BC. Socrates and Phaedrus meet outside Athens to discuss love, rhetoric, and the nature of the human soul. Through three competing speeches, they explore whether it is better to favor a non-lover or a true lover, while examining how persuasion should be practiced. The conversation ranges from divine inspiration and madness to the famous chariot allegory, revealing deeper questions about reason, desire, and the art of speech-making.
Plato
Phaidros
"Phaidros" by Plato is a dialogue written around 370 BC. Socrates and Phaedrus meet outside Athens to discuss a speech about love. Their conversation spirals into deeper questions about rhetoric, the human soul, and divine inspiration. Through three contrasting speeches and the famous chariot allegory, they explore whether it's better to favor a lover or non-lover, while examining what makes persuasive speech truly effective and how desire shapes human nature.
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