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Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910 -- Translations into English Books
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Leo Tolstoy
The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Stories
"The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Stories" by Leo Tolstoy is a collection of narratives written during the late 19th century. The titular story, "The Kreutzer Sonata," presents a dialogue that dives deep into themes of love, marriage, and morality, primarily through the experiences and musings of the character Posdnicheff, who reveals his tumultuous relationship with his wife. This collection not only explores individual tales but also reflects Tolstoy's profound philosophical and social critiques of the institution of marriage and the complexities of human relationships. At the start of "The Kreutzer Sonata," the protagonist is introduced during a train journey, where various passengers engage in an intense conversation about love and marriage. The atmosphere is charged with differing opinions, particularly between a loquacious lawyer and a cynical merchant, who assert traditional views on gender roles within marriage. The somber undertone of Posdnicheff’s initial silence hints at his troubled past and foreshadows a harrowing tale of jealousy, betrayal, and existential despair. As conversations unfold, they lead to disturbing revelations about marital discontent, which become the basis for Posdnicheff’s own tragic narrative about love and its disillusionment. This opening effectively sets the stage for a deeper exploration of Tolstoy's stark observations on human emotions and societal expectations.
Leo Tolstoy
The forged coupon, and other stories
"The forged coupon, and other stories" by graf Leo Tolstoy is a collection written between 1902-1904 and published in 1910. The title novella follows a schoolboy's desperate act of forging a bond coupon to repay a debt. This single deception triggers a devastating chain reaction, touching dozens of lives and ultimately leading to murder. The story explores how one evil deed ripples outward, yet maintains hope by showing that good works can spread just as powerfully as wrongdoing through society.
Leo Tolstoy
Where Love is There God is Also
"Where Love is There God is Also" by graf Leo Tolstoy is a novella written in the late 19th century. This literary work reflects on themes of faith, compassion, and the importance of living for a higher purpose. Through the story of a humble shoemaker, Tolstoy explores the concept that true service to God is found in acts of kindness toward others, evoking a moral lesson relevant to humanity. The narrative revolves around Martuin Avdyeitch, a shoemaker in a humble basement who struggles with the loss of his only son, Kapitoshka. Overwhelmed by despair, Martuin questions the purpose of his existence until he meets an old man who nudges him toward the teachings of Christ. As Martuin begins to read the Gospel, he finds solace and transformation. One day, expecting Christ's visit, he opens his window to the world outside, ultimately engaging with various characters including a suffering soldier's wife and a remorseful child thief. In each encounter, Martuin exercises compassion and selflessness, ultimately realizing that in helping others, he discovers the true presence of God within himself, aligning with the message that every act of kindness towards the needy is akin to serving God.
Leo Tolstoy
The Devil
"The Devil" by graf Leo Tolstoy is a novella written in 1889. After inheriting his father's debt-ridden estate, Eugene Irtenev settles into rural life and begins an affair with a local peasant woman, Stepanida. When he marries for love and attempts respectability, Stepanida's presence on his estate reawakens a consuming desire he cannot escape. Tormented by lust and unable to confide in anyone, Eugene faces an impossible choice that spirals toward a desperate conclusion.
Leo Tolstoy
A Russian Proprietor, and Other Stories
"A Russian Proprietor and Other Stories" by Count Lyof N. Tolstoï is a collection of short stories written in the mid-19th century. This collection includes tales that explore the complexities of rural life in Russia, focusing on themes of social responsibility, the struggle for justice, and the contrasting perspectives of the landowners and their peasantry. In particular, the titular story introduces Prince Nekhliudof, a young landowner who seeks to improve the lives of his serfs while grappling with the stark realities of their hardships. The beginning of "A Russian Proprietor" sets the stage for Nekhliudof's internal conflict as he embarks on his summer of country life at his estate. The young prince writes to his aunt about his ambition to be a farmer and support his serfs, highlighting his sense of duty towards their welfare. However, his idealism is met with skepticism from his experienced aunt, who warns him against naivety in believing he can enact such change. As the narrative unfolds, Nekhliudof interacts with various serfs, confronting their grim living conditions while trying to establish a sense of order. This opening portion effectively foreshadows the themes of social change and the emotional burdens of landownership that will permeate the stories.
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