John Morley
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 2: Turgot
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 2: Turgot" by John Morley is a historical and philosophical examination written in the early 20th century. The work focuses on Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, an influential French economist and government reformer, exploring his life, intellectual contributions, and the context of his times as society approached revolution. This essay delves into Turgot's upbringing, education, and his responses to the dominant philosophies of his era, as well as his role in the unfolding social changes of 18th century France. The opening of the essay presents Turgot's historical significance as it outlines his birth in Paris in 1727 and notes that he lived during a critical period leading up to the French Revolution. Morley portrays Turgot as a person endowed with exceptional intelligence and moral integrity, challenging societal norms and seeking to address the injustices of his time. The text recounts Turgot's education at the Sorbonne, his friendships with contemporaries, and the intellectual environment that shaped his revolutionary ideas. It hints at Turgot's character—his benevolence, shyness, and conviction to pursue honesty over ambition—setting the stage for a deeper exploration of his contributions to philosophy, economics, and governance in the subsequent sections of the work.