Author
Walter Lippmann
1889-1974
Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) is a public-domain author available on Rivro. Read free books, explore subjects, and discover related classics.
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Books by Walter Lippmann
Public opinion
"Public Opinion" by Walter Lippmann is a book published in 1922. It examines how people construct simplified mental images of complex reality through stereotypes and "pseudo-environments," making functional democracy challenging. Lippmann explores how mass media shape public perception, how news inherently involves selection and bias, and why he believes a specialized class of experts must analyze information for society. This influential work sparked debate about democracy, expertise, and the manufacture of consent.
A preface to politics
"A Preface to Politics" by Walter Lippmann" is a collection of essays that examines the nature and significance of politics, written in the early 20th century. Through a thoughtful exploration, it delves into the reasons behind political indifference and critiques the conventional approaches to governance that ignore the dynamic nature of human needs and social forces. The author seeks to shift the focus from stagnant political routines to a more creative and human-centered approach in politics, calling for a re-examination of political values. The opening of the text sets the stage by emphasizing the growing apathy toward politics in Lippmann's time. He asserts that indifference is the most significant criticism of contemporary politics, as many do not see elections or the legislative process as impactful to their lives. The introduction critiques the cynical view that politics is merely a moral battleground, pointing out that the true issues lie in the mechanical nature of governance and its disconnect from human needs. Lippmann argues for a new political perspective that recognizes the creative potential of governance and the necessity for political frameworks to evolve with society's changing demands. He signals that his work is a preliminary exploration of these ideas, laying the groundwork for a refreshed understanding of political engagement.
A preface to morals
"A preface to morals" by Walter Lippmann is a work of social and moral philosophy written in the early 20th century. It examines the modern loss of religious certainty and authority, the emptiness that can follow emancipation from orthodoxy, and the need to find a credible, disciplined humanism to guide conduct in a secular world. Lippmann probes why both triumphant disbelief and nostalgic return fail to satisfy, and why moral life requires more than taste, mood, or fashion. The opening of the book traces the “problem of unbelief”: those no longer anchored by ancestral faith feel aimless despite newfound freedoms, and the liberal prophecy of deliverance has disappointed, leaving people nervously credulous and tempted by new cults. Lippmann contrasts modernist redefinitions of God (abstract, symbolic, or metaphysical) that lack compelling authority with fundamentalist demands for literal historical facts; he shows how the former cannot sustain popular devotion, while the latter, lacking a sure arbiter, collapses into schism—Catholic critique included. He argues that higher criticism and “decoding” Scripture (e.g., turning immortality into a platonic ideal) strip religion of the certainty and external sanction that once consoled, commanded, and unified ordinary believers. Finally, he sketches the “acids of modernity”: shifting political analogies for God, urbanization, mobility, media-driven novelty, and the loss of familiar landmarks all corrode piety; fundamentalist agitation appears as anxious compensation for a confidence that has already ebbed.
The phantom public
"The phantom public" by Walter Lippmann is a treatise on democratic theory written in the early 20th century. It argues that the omnicompetent, sovereign citizen imagined by democratic dogma does not exist, and that public opinion is intermittent, external to real decision-making, and best used to align force behind workable rules rather than to govern directly. The work reframes elections as mobilizations that substitute for civil war and proposes practical limits and responsibilities for the public’s role in politics. The opening of this work portrays a disengaged citizenry and uses evidence of widespread nonvoting to show that expecting the public to master complex affairs is unrealistic. It dismisses standard remedies—better schooling, moral exhortation, more direct democracy, or socialization of industry—as unable to produce an all-knowing public, and recasts citizens chiefly as bystanders whose votes align support rather than direct policy. It then sketches an ideal of public action: to neutralize arbitrary force, enable settlements by consent, and leave substantive problem-solving to those directly responsible, with government acting as a professional intermediary. Next, it defines “problems” as disharmonies created by uneven change (illustrated by population pressure, automobiles in cities, naval ratios, and economic scarcity), and argues that rights and duties are enforceable promises shaping a workable modus vivendi. Finally, it says the public should ask only two questions—whether a rule is defective and who can mend it—using coarse tests of assent and conformity, insisting on open debate to expose special pleading, and, at scale, choosing between Ins and Outs when crises persist.
Liberty and the news
"Liberty and the news by Walter Lippmann" is a collection of political essays written in the early 20th century. It is a non-fiction tract that examines how freedom, public opinion, and journalism intersect, with a concise focus on the crisis of news reliability and its consequences for democratic self-government. The book argues that democracy cannot function without a steady flow of truthful, relevant, and intelligible news. It critiques the press for subordinating truth to patriotic edification, shows how classical defenses of free speech (from Milton and Mill to Russell) collapse when facts are missing, and explains how complexity, distance, and propaganda create a pseudo-environment that misleads the public and empowers demagogues. The author shifts the liberty debate from policing opinions to protecting the sources, organization, and comprehension of information. He proposes practical reforms: transparent sourcing and documentation, stronger accountability for falsehoods, professional training for reporters in evidence and language, and independent institutes to record and analyze government and public affairs. He urges universities to support this work and calls for an endowed, editorially neutral news service to compete with biased structures. The core message is that genuine liberty is secured by institutions that make facts accessible and trustworthy, so public opinion can be both free and responsible.