Author
John Morley
1838-1923
John Morley (1838-1923) is a public-domain author available on Rivro. Read free books, explore subjects, and discover related classics.
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Books by John Morley
Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol. 2 of 2)
"Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol. 2 of 2)" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This work delves into the philosophical ideas, dialogues, and contributions of Denis Diderot and his contemporaries during the Enlightenment period. The book covers various topics such as morality, romance, and art, presenting Diderot's reflections on the societal norms of his time and the impact of his works. The opening of the text introduces the initial chapter, which discusses "Other Dialogues" by Diderot, beginning with "The Conversations of a Father with his Children." This dialogue explores moral dilemmas involving inheritance and justice, as Diderot’s father contemplates the ethical implications of a discovered will. The conversation then shifts to other moral questions, such as the responsibilities of a physician, leading to a broader discussion about the nature of conscience and societal laws. Through this engaging dialogue, Morley highlights Diderot’s capacity to blend philosophical inquiry with the personal, revealing both the complexity and the humanity of his thoughts.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 2 (of 3) 1859-1880
"The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 2 (of 3)" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The volume covers pivotal events from the life and political career of William Ewart Gladstone, focusing on key periods such as the Italian Revolution, the American Civil War, and Gladstone's evolving role in British politics during the years 1859 to 1880. Through its detailed examination of Gladstone's policies and influence, the book sheds light on significant national and international developments of the time. The opening of this second volume sets the stage for a rich exploration of various events and themes central to Gladstone's life during the 1860s. It begins with discussions surrounding the Italian Revolution, emphasizing the complex interplay between legislative actions, military sentiments, and economic policies. We see Gladstone's passionate engagement with issues like nationalism, his critical view of foreign affairs, and his staunch advocacy for political reform and economic stability. The narrative captures his conflict with both his colleagues and external political pressures, highlighting his unwavering commitment to principles he deemed essential for the nation's development, thus providing readers with a deep understanding of both Gladstone as a man and the turbulent historical context he navigated.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1 (of 3) 1809-1859
"The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1 (of 3)" by John Morley is a historical biography written in the early 20th century. This work focuses on the life of William Ewart Gladstone, a prominent British statesman, and explores his multifaceted character, significant political contributions, and personal experiences from his early years until 1859. By bridging the realms of personal biography and political history, the author aims to provide a rounded view of a man whose public service influenced many aspects of English governance. At the start of this volume, Morley reflects on the complexity and significance of writing a biography about Gladstone, particularly given the recent nature of his political career and the controversies surrounding it. He emphasizes the difficulty of distinguishing between the intricacies of parliamentary history and the personal narrative of Gladstone himself. As he launches into Gladstone's early life, Morley shares details about Gladstone's childhood in Liverpool, his family background, and his initial education at Eton, setting the stage for an exploration of how these formative experiences shaped a remarkable political career. The author introduces Gladstone's family dynamics and the influences that would later inform his deeply held political and religious beliefs, establishing a foundation for understanding his future ambitions and challenges.
Rousseau (Volume 1 and 2)
"Rousseau" by John Morley is a biographical account written in the late 19th century. The work provides an extensive exploration of the life and philosophical contributions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, emphasizing his role as a seminal figure in the context of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The author delves into Rousseau's personal history, ideological impact, and the complexities of his character, presenting him as a profound thinker who influenced social and political thought. The opening of the text establishes the significance of Rousseau's work as a precursor to the revolutionary ideas that shaped modern democratic societies. Morley introduces the revolutionary nature of Rousseau’s theories, explaining his philosophical divergence from contemporaries like Voltaire and Diderot. The initial chapters cover Rousseau's early life, including his formative experiences, the profound impact of his family and educational influences, and his tumultuous relationships. This serves to lay the groundwork for understanding how Rousseau's personal struggles translated into his revolutionary ideas about society, religion, and governance, ultimately framing him as a pivotal thinker who grappled with the moral and political complexities of his time.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 3 (of 3) 1890-1898
"The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 3 (of 3)" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This volume continues the examination of the life of William Ewart Gladstone, a prominent British statesman and four-time Prime Minister, focusing on his political career during the years 1880 to 1898. The book delves into Gladstone’s challenges and responses within the political landscape of the time, illuminating his approaches to governance, social issues, and foreign policy. The opening of the volume reveals the significant context in which Gladstone resumed his role in the House of Commons after a lengthy public career. It describes the dynamics of the new parliament, the independence and challenges posed by members on both sides, including figures like Lord Randolph Churchill and Mr. Parnell. This section highlights Gladstone’s initial experiences with the new government and the immediate political climate, including the complexity of maintaining cohesion within a coalition cabinet that represented a diverse array of political interests. The events foreshadow impending conflicts over issues such as Irish policy and governance, setting the tone for the tumultuous years ahead in both British and Irish politics.
Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol. 1 of 2)
"Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol. 1 of 2)" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This work explores the intellectual and literary contributions of Denis Diderot and his contemporaries, particularly in the context of the French Enlightenment and the lead-up to the French Revolution. The book likely aims to illuminate the ideas and significance of the Encyclopédist movement as a transformative force in society." "The opening of the book introduces a preface by John Morley, who outlines the purpose behind this study, which is part of a broader examination of the literary foundations of the French Revolution. Unlike the more commonly known figures of Voltaire and Rousseau, Morley emphasizes the lesser-appreciated contributions of Diderot and his circle. He presents the Encyclopædia not merely as a collection of knowledge but as a significant symbol of social change, indicating that its emergence marked a fundamental shift from religious to secular thinking, illustrating a growing belief in the potential for human improvement and enlightenment."
Voltaire
"Voltaire" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. This work delves into the life, ideas, and influence of the pivotal Enlightenment thinker, Voltaire, exploring how his contributions reshaped modern thought in France and beyond. Morley highlights Voltaire's role as a champion of reason and critic of religious dogma, painting him as a complex figure central to the intellectual upheaval of his time. The opening of the text sets the stage for an exploration of Voltaire's significance, portraying him as a transformative and formidable intellectual force. It underscores the profound impact of his ideas on freedom of thought and critical inquiry, positioning him alongside other major historical movements such as the Renaissance. Moreover, it discusses Voltaire's capacity to evoke strong reactions from both supporters and critics, situating his legacy as a necessary, albeit controversial, catalyst for change in European society.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 6: Harriet Martineau
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 6: Harriet Martineau" by John Morley is a biographical essay written in the early 20th century. This work reflects on the life and contributions of Harriet Martineau, a notable figure of the Victorian era known for her writings on social issues and political economy. The essay engages with Martineau's intellectual journey, character, and her influence on social thought, exploring her as a pioneering female author and social reformer. The essay begins by discussing Martineau's challenging early life, which was marked by personal struggles and a strict upbringing. It highlights her literary career, particularly her success with tales that illustrated political economy principles. Morley emphasizes Martineau's transition from religious themes to a more scientific approach to societal issues, as well as her significant role in advocating for abolitionism and social reform. The essay also touches on her friendships with influential contemporaries and her later years spent in solitude, reflecting on her legacy as a writer and social critic. Ultimately, the essay portrays Martineau as a complex figure who was both a product of her time and a forward-thinking advocate for social change.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 2: Turgot
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 2: Turgot" by John Morley is a historical and philosophical examination written in the early 20th century. The work focuses on Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, an influential French economist and government reformer, exploring his life, intellectual contributions, and the context of his times as society approached revolution. This essay delves into Turgot's upbringing, education, and his responses to the dominant philosophies of his era, as well as his role in the unfolding social changes of 18th century France. The opening of the essay presents Turgot's historical significance as it outlines his birth in Paris in 1727 and notes that he lived during a critical period leading up to the French Revolution. Morley portrays Turgot as a person endowed with exceptional intelligence and moral integrity, challenging societal norms and seeking to address the injustices of his time. The text recounts Turgot's education at the Sorbonne, his friendships with contemporaries, and the intellectual environment that shaped his revolutionary ideas. It hints at Turgot's character—his benevolence, shyness, and conviction to pursue honesty over ambition—setting the stage for a deeper exploration of his contributions to philosophy, economics, and governance in the subsequent sections of the work.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone: Index
"The Life of William Ewart Gladstone: Index" by John Morley is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The book functions as an index for the extensive biography of William Ewart Gladstone, chronicling important names and events from his life and political career. It compiles various aspects of Gladstone's contributions, thoughts, and the significant figures he interacted with throughout his public life, making it a useful reference for readers interested in Victorian politics. The opening portion of the index serves as a detailed catalog of notable entries concerning Gladstone's life, political relationships, and legislative activities. It lists significant individuals, legislative measures, and political events relevant to Gladstone, reflecting his complex involvement in British political history. This meticulous compilation illustrates Morley's effort to encapsulate the breadth of Gladstone's influence, providing foundational context for those seeking to understand his legacy and the political environment of his time.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 1 of 3), Essay 1: Robespierre
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 1 of 3), Essay 1: Robespierre" by John Morley is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This work delves into the complex character of Maximilien Robespierre, a prominent figure during the French Revolution, especially focusing on his role during the Reign of Terror and the events that led to his downfall. Throughout the essay, Morley explores various perspectives on Robespierre, showcasing the intricate interplay of ideals and realities present during this tumultuous period. The opening portion of the essay establishes a foundational understanding of the era by discussing the overarching narrative of the French Revolution, particularly highlighting the Revolutions of Thermidor and the various historical interpretations surrounding Robespierre. Morley introduces the reader to Robespierre's formative years, illustrating his early life, aspirations, and moral struggles as he transitions from being an advocate in Arras to a leader in the revolutionary fervor of Paris. The narrative contextualizes his ideological motivations as well as the contradictions inherent in his views on power and governance—ultimately leading to a deeper examination of how his unwavering beliefs impacted his political actions and his reputation throughout history.
Studies in Literature
"Studies in Literature" by John Morley is a collection of critical essays written in the early 20th century. The work explores the contributions and significance of various literary figures, with in-depth discussions particularly focused on the poet William Wordsworth and the cultural contexts surrounding his work. The opening of the collection introduces the reader to the life and times of Wordsworth, detailing his aesthetic ideals and the profound historical changes that occurred during his lifetime. Morley reflects on Wordsworth's unique position amid the turbulence of the French Revolution, the evolving literary landscape, and how Wordsworth's poetry emerged as a representation of personal and natural significance. This introduction sets the stage for the broader themes Morley will examine throughout the volume, illustrating the enduring influence of Wordsworth's work on literature and the influences that shaped his poetic vision.
On Compromise
"On Compromise" by John Morley is an essay written in the early 20th century. The work delves into the complexities and limits of compromise in ethical, political, and social discourse, exploring how the pursuit of truth can be often overshadowed by convenience and conformity. Through the lens of contemporary societal dynamics, Morley reflects on the challenges to genuine conviction and the consequences of compromising ideals in favor of maintaining social harmony. The opening of the essay sets forth Morley’s intent to navigate the delicate balance between the principles of truth and the pragmatic necessity of compromise. He poses critical questions about the rights and responsibilities of individuals in expressing dissent against prevailing opinions while acknowledging the constraints imposed by societal norms. The narrative introduces the historical context of English society and its relationship with ideas of authority and general principles, suggesting a trend towards valuing immediate expediency over deeper ethical convictions. Through observation and philosophical inquiry, Morley illustrates how this tendency can lead to intellectual stagnation, urging a reconsideration of what it means to uphold truth in the face of societal pressures.
Indian speeches (1907-1909)
"Indian Speeches (1907-1909)" by Viscount Morley is a collection of political speeches addressing the complex governance of India during the early 20th century, written in the late 1900s. The work encapsulates discussions on significant issues such as the Indian Budget, social unrest, and the challenges of British rule in a diverse and populous nation. It aims to highlight the intricacies of Indian political life while providing insight into the evolving relations between British officials and Indian society. The opening of the collection introduces a context of tension and change, as Viscount Morley addresses the House of Commons to present the Indian Budget. He emphasizes the importance of a responsible governance approach that weighs the implications of British decisions in India, recognizing the vast and complex community of over 300 million people. Morley reflects on various critical factors such as public health issues, notably the devastating plague, the opium trade, and escalating political unrest. He articulates the need for cautious reforms while also shedding light on the local sentiments of the Indian populace, indicating a desire for greater engagement and understanding between British rulers and Indian subjects. This segment sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the political climate in India, making it clear that the speeches will address vital considerations relevant to both British governance and the aspirations of the Indian people.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 10: Auguste Comte
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 10: Auguste Comte" by John Morley is an analytical essay written in the early 20th century that examines the life and contributions of the philosopher Auguste Comte. The work serves as a critical reflection on Comte's Positivism and his significant intellectual achievements during a transformative period in France. The essay provides insights into Comte's methodologies, social philosophies, and his attempts to reorganize society through scientific principles, all of which mark a departure from traditional theological and metaphysical paradigms. In this essay, Morley delves into the influences that shaped Comte’s thought, notably his relationship with Saint Simon, as well as the intellectual challenges Comte faced throughout his life, including personal hardships and professional setbacks. The text elaborates on Comte's major works, particularly his "Positive Philosophy," detailing his ideas concerning the classification of sciences and the Law of the Three States. Morley critiques Comte's later attempts to establish a religion of humanity, highlighting the dualism between scientific inquiry and spiritual governance. Overall, the essay serves as both a tribute to and a critique of Comte's legacy, situating him within the broader discourse of modern philosophy and sociology.
Burke
"Burke" by John Morley is a biographical account written in the late 19th century, specifically published in 1888 and reprinted several times thereafter. The book delves into the life and contributions of Edmund Burke, a significant political thinker and statesman of the 18th century, exploring his impact on political philosophy, his writings, and the turbulent political landscape of his time. It illustrates not just Burke's political journey but also the historical and ideological context in which he operated. The opening of the narrative provides a comprehensive overview of the complexities surrounding Burke's legacy, highlighting the differing opinions on his role in politics, from being regarded as a champion of European stability to being vilified for his apparent betrayal of the Whig party. Morley discusses Burke's early life, educational background, and formative influences, such as his first schoolmaster, Abraham Shackleton. He gives readers insight into Burke's intellectual curiosity and philosophical explorations, leading up to his prominence in political affairs and literature. The text sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of Burke's principles and the profound moral and political questions he grappled with throughout his career, emphasizing the enduring relevance of his thought.
Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 5: Emerson
"Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 5: Emerson" by John Morley is a critical essay written in the early 20th century. It offers an in-depth examination of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s life and work, situating him within the broader context of American literature and philosophy. The book serves as both a biography and a literary critique, discussing Emerson’s transcendentalist ideals, his contributions to philosophical thought, and his impact on American culture. In this essay, Morley delves into various aspects of Emerson's life, including his upbringing in a lineage of preachers, his role as a Unitarian minister, and his eventual transition to a career of lecturing and writing. He highlights key moments in Emerson's life, such as his notable address at the Divinity School of Harvard and the profound personal losses that shaped his worldview. Morley also analyzes Emerson’s style and writing, pointing out the challenges and idiosyncrasies in his prose, while emphasizing the sincerity and depth of thought that characterize his works. Ultimately, the essay positions Emerson as a pivotal figure in the development of American thought, advocating for self-reliance, the intrinsic connection between humans and nature, and the importance of individual perspective.
Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 2: Carlyle
"Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 2: Carlyle" by John Morley is a critical essay written in the early 20th century. This work examines the influence and legacy of the Victorian author and thinker Thomas Carlyle, exploring his complex views on society, literature, and morality. Given its focus on Carlyle's contributions to thought, the essay delves into the nuances of his educational and social critiques, as well as his impact on contemporary moral energies and literary movements. The opening of this essay sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of Carlyle's significant role in shaping English thought and sentiment. Morley emphasizes Carlyle's unique ability to articulate the deep unrest and moral crises of his time while simultaneously critiquing the superficiality of popular philosophies and societal structures. He acknowledges both the fervor and shortcomings of Carlyle's vision, notably his propensity for emotional appeals and dismissive views of the masses. Through a blend of admiration and critique, Morley begins to unravel how Carlyle's ideas served as both a catalyst for social reflection and a source of tension, defining the landscape of moral discourse in a period marked by change.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 1: On Popular Culture
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 1: On Popular Culture" by John Morley is an essay written during the early 20th century, specifically in the late Victorian period. This influential work delves into the realm of popular education and culture, exploring how local educational institutions can enrich the intellectual life of the community. Morley addresses the significance of providing well-rounded, accessible education that extends beyond traditional academic frameworks. In this essay, Morley presents his observations delivered at a Birmingham town hall address in 1876, focusing on the role of provincial centers in fostering knowledge and cultural appreciation. He discusses the need to make education both engaging and relevant, advocating for the incorporation of history and languages, particularly French, as vital components of popular culture. Morley critiques the current state of education, suggesting that a streamlined history education focused on significant themes could better ignite the interest of students. He posits that understanding broader historical contexts enhances learners' awareness of their present-day realities, ultimately advocating for an educational system that prepares individuals not just as scholars, but as informed and engaged members of society.
Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1 (of 3), Essay 4: Macaulay
"Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1 (of 3), Essay 4: Macaulay" by John Morley is a literary critique written in the early 20th century. This essay reflects on the life and work of the renowned English historian and essayist Thomas Babington Macaulay, analyzing his influence on literature and journalism. Morley assesses Macaulay's style, narrative skills, and the reception of his works among the public, highlighting the themes and qualities that contributed to Macaulay’s lasting legacy in English literature. In this essay, Morley delves into Macaulay's prose style, his literary genius, and the factors that led to his widespread popularity. He notes Macaulay's exceptional narration and use of vibrant illustrations, which attract readers and history enthusiasts alike. Morley contrasts Macaulay with contemporaries such as Burke and Mill, discussing his tendency to prioritize powerful expressions over deep analysis. He ultimately concludes that while Macaulay's writing is marked by its immediate appeal and clarity, it often lacks the depth and subtlety seen in the works of other literary giants. Through Morley's critique, readers gain insight into both Macaulay's contributions to literature and the potential limitations of his approach to history and narrative.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 9: The Expansion of England
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 3 of 3), Essay 9: The Expansion of England" by John Morley is an analytical essay likely written in the early 20th century. This work falls under the category of historical examination and political analysis, exploring the dynamics of England's geopolitical expansion, particularly through colonization and its implications for both the metropole and its colonies. The essay invites a critical reevaluation of the 18th century, positioning it as a transformative period in which England's history was significantly shaped not only in Europe but across America and Asia. In this essay, Morley engages with themes of colonialism, the interrelationship between politics and history, and the socio-economic factors driving England's expansion. He critiques contemporary historical analyses, particularly those by Mr. Seeley, for underestimating the importance of colonies in shaping England's national identity and global standing. Morley examines significant events such as the American Revolution and the expansion into India, arguing that these moments were critical in redefining England's role on the world stage. Through his discourse, he brings attention to the tensions between growth and governance, and the historical narratives that shape our understanding of national power and identity. Overall, Morley's work underscores the intricate connections between history, politics, and national expansion within the broader context of the British Empire's development.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 3: Condorcet
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 3: Condorcet" by John Morley is a collection of essays written in the early 20th century. This essay focuses on the life and philosophical contributions of Marquis de Condorcet, a significant figure during the French Revolution. The work explores Condorcet's thoughts on the perfectibility of human nature and highlights his role as a thinker amid the tumult of revolutionary France. The opening of the essay delves into Condorcet’s background, noting his survival through a pivotal period of revolutionary upheaval, unlike other notable contemporaries like Voltaire and Rousseau. It describes Condorcet as an intellectually driven yet politically isolated figure, who advocated for both social reform and rationality in governance. With insights into Condorcet’s early influences and relationships with other philosophers, the text sets the stage for a nuanced exploration of his contributions to human rights and the advancement of social thought in the unfolding context of revolutionary France.
Critical Miscellanies (Vol 2 of 3), Essay 1: Vauvenargues
"Critical Miscellanies (Vol 2 of 3), Essay 1: Vauvenargues" by John Morley is a critical essay published in the early 20th century that examines the life and contributions of the French moralist and philosopher, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de Vauvenargues. This book can be categorized as a philosophical essay and offers insights into the intellectual landscape of the 18th century, particularly in relation to Vauvenargues' reflections on human nature and virtue. In this essay, Morley explores Vauvenargues' life, upbringing, and his philosophical stance, which serves as a balanced reaction against the more pessimistic views of contemporaries like Pascal and Rochefoucauld. Vauvenargues’ assertions emphasize the importance of character and virtuous instincts over reason, positing that true morality arises naturally rather than through forced asceticism or strict rationalism. The work reflects Morley’s admiration for Vauvenargues’ ability to reconcile human imperfections with psychological understanding, advocating for a compassionate perception of human nature grounded in real-life experiences. The essay encapsulates Vauvenargues’ belief in maintaining moral integrity amidst the complexities of life, shedding light on his enduring relevance in moral philosophy.
Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 3: Byron
"Critical Miscellanies, Vol. 1, Essay 3: Byron" by John Morley is an analytical essay published in the early 20th century, specifically in 1904. The book serves as a critical examination of the life and works of the poet Lord Byron, exploring his influence within the context of revolutionary thought in Europe and his connections to social and political movements. Morley's work seeks to convey the significance of Byron's literary contributions while addressing misconceptions surrounding his private life. In this essay, Morley delves into the complex persona of Byron and examines how his poetry resonates with the themes of revolution and social change prevalent in Europe during his lifetime. He contrasts Byron with contemporary poets such as Shelley, asserting Byron's unique position as an advocate for human freedom and social justice, which inspired many across the continent. The text also emphasizes the necessity for literary criticism to separate the artist from their personal conduct, arguing that Byron’s artistic legacy should be judged solely on the merit of his poetic output. Ultimately, Morley portrays Byron as a vital cultural force whose works reflect the tumultuous spirit of his era, capturing the perpetual conflicts between individual desires and societal norms.