Author
Voltaire
1694-1778
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Subjects
Books by Voltaire
Candide
"Candide" by Voltaire is a French satire first published in 1759. A young man named Candide lives a sheltered life in paradise, learning from his mentor that everything happens "for the best in the best of all possible worlds." This illusion shatters as Candide experiences devastating hardships and witnesses historical catastrophes. Through a fast-moving, fantastical journey, Voltaire mercilessly ridicules optimistic philosophy, religion, and governments, ultimately proposing a practical alternative: "we must cultivate our garden."
Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary
"Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work criticizes the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other institutions through sharp, provocative articles. Initially released anonymously with 73 entries, it expanded over time as Voltaire refined his views on Christianity, God, and morality. The portable, affordable format made revolutionary ideas accessible to ordinary readers. While the public embraced it enthusiastically, religious authorities condemned and burned copies across Europe, cementing its status as a defining work of Enlightenment thought.
Candide, ou l'optimisme
"Candide, ou l'optimisme" by Voltaire is a French satire first published in 1759. Young Candide lives a sheltered life in paradise, taught Leibnizian optimism by his mentor Professor Pangloss, who insists "all is for the best" in the "best of all possible worlds." When this life abruptly ends, Candide witnesses and experiences great hardships that slowly shatter his worldview. Through this fast-moving, fantastical tale, Voltaire ridicules religion, governments, armies, and philosophers, ultimately advocating the practical wisdom: "we must cultivate our garden."
Letters on England
"Letters on England" by Voltaire is a series of essays published in 1733, based on his experiences living in Britain between 1726 and 1729. Through twenty-four letters, Voltaire examines English religion, politics, commerce, medicine, and intellectual life, often comparing them favorably to their French counterparts. His observations on Quakers, Parliament, trade, and thinkers like Newton and Locke present England as a model of tolerance and liberty. The book was suppressed in France for its implicit criticism of the French system.
Micromegas
"Micromegas" by Voltaire is a novella published in 1752. This early work of science fiction follows a giant being from a planet orbiting Sirius and his Saturnian companion as they journey through space and eventually arrive on Earth. Using the outsider's perspective, Voltaire crafts a philosophical tale that explores questions of scale, intelligence, and human significance. When the travelers discover tiny humans aboard a ship, they struggle to communicate with these microscopic creatures, leading to surprising revelations about knowledge and existence.
Zadig; Or, The Book of Fate
"Zadig; Or, The Book of Fate" by Voltaire is a philosophical novella published in 1747. It follows Zadig, a Babylonian philosopher whose life swings wildly between fortune and misfortune. From lost loves and false accusations to royal favor and forced slavery, Zadig experiences life's unpredictability firsthand. His journey through ancient Babylonia and Egypt raises timeless questions about destiny, justice, and whether humans control their fate. This celebrated Enlightenment work explores how nothing is simply good or bad without comparison, challenging readers to reconsider the nature of fortune itself.
Toleration and other essays
"Toleration and Other Essays" by Voltaire is a collection of philosophical essays written in the 18th century. The anthology revolves around themes of religious tolerance, critique of dogma, and the reflections on the contemporary social and political context surrounding Voltaire's life. Each essay serves as a potent discourse against intolerance and a call for the liberty of thought, showcasing Voltaire's role as a significant figure in advancing human rights and rationalism. The opening portion of the book begins with an introduction that contextualizes Voltaire’s work and influence on modern thought. It recounts the historical significance of his contributions to the concept of toleration, particularly in relation to the wrongful execution of Jean Calas, a Protestant falsely accused of murdering his son. This incident serves as a critical case study of the repercussions of fanaticism and judicial error, emphasizing Voltaire's profound humanitarian perspective as he sheds light on the injustices prevalent in his time. Through the narrative of Calas' trial and execution, Voltaire illustrates the destructive effects of religious intolerance and advocates for a more compassionate and rational approach to societal governance.
Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden
"Voltaire's History of Charles XII, King of Sweden" by Voltaire is a historical account written in the early 18th century. This work narrates the life and reign of Charles XII, emphasizing his extraordinary character and the events that marked his rule, including his confrontations with Denmark, Poland, and Russia. Charles XII is depicted as a heroic figure, illustrating both the triumphs and challenges he faced as a young monarch. The opening of the text provides a comprehensive overview of the context in which Charles XII ascended to the throne, detailing his upbringing and the political landscape of Sweden at that time. It reveals the young king’s character, noting his martial inclinations and strong will, especially in the face of impending threats from neighboring countries. The introductory sections highlight the alliances formed against Sweden and set the stage for Charles' dramatic rise to power and military engagements, establishing a narrative that intertwines personal valor with the broader struggles of the Swedish state.
Index of the PG Works of Voltaire in English
"Index of the PG Works of Voltaire in English" by Voltaire is a comprehensive compilation of works written during the 18th century, reflecting the Enlightenment period. This book is a bibliographic index that organizes and lists Voltaire's major writings available in English, serving as a resource for readers interested in his contributions to literature, philosophy, and social criticism. The likely topic of the book centers around the exploration of Voltaire's diverse themes, his critical views on society, and the variety of literary forms he embraced. The index includes a range of Voltaire's works, such as essays, philosophical treatises, novels, and letters. Notable entries include "Candide," a satirical critique on optimism; "Zadig," which explores fate and chance; and "Micromegas," a science fiction narrative that touches on perspectives beyond Earth. Each entry in the index highlights different aspects of Voltaire's thoughts, from his reflections on religion and morality to critiques of politics and social norms. Overall, this compilation serves as an invaluable tool for scholars and general readers alike, providing insights into Voltaire's vast intellectual legacy.
Voltaire's Romances, Complete in One Volume
"Voltaire's Romances, Complete in One Volume" by Voltaire is a collection of satirical romances written in the late 19th century. The text showcases Voltaire's sharp wit and criticism of societal issues and religious dogma while presenting whimsical tales that often blend humor with profound moral lessons. The collection features various characters across its stories, including fantastical beings like a white bull and a serpent, as well as historical figures that provide a rich tapestry of narratives. The opening of the volume introduces readers to the melancholy Princess Amasidia, who longs for her missing lover, an elusive figure entangled in royal betrayal and magic. As she mourns, she encounters an extraordinary white bull, whom she wishes to possess, but the presence of an old woman and a serpent complicates her desires. The wise Mambres, a magician, offers sage advice amidst these curious happenings, setting the stage for a playful yet thoughtful exploration of themes like love, identity, and the absurdities of life in an enchanting narrative filled with allegorical depth.
The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia
"The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia" by Voltaire is a historical account written in the early 18th century. The book presents a detailed examination of the life and reign of Peter the Great, focusing on his efforts to reform and modernize Russia, expanding its territories and influence. The opening chapters set the stage for understanding the vast and complex state of Russia before and during Peter's rule, highlighting its geography, population, customs, and the socio-political challenges the country faced. The opening of the book begins with a thorough description of the geography and early history of Russia, emphasizing its immense size and the sparse population relative to its land area. Voltaire outlines the social conditions existing before Peter the Great's rise, detailing customs, religious practices, and the significance of various provinces. The narrative progresses to introduce the royal lineage and political struggles that preceded Peter's reign, including the turmoil arising from the succession issues following the death of czar Theodore and the revolt among the Strelitzes instigated by Peter's half-sister, Sophia. These elements establish a foundation for understanding the context in which Peter would become a pivotal figure in Russian history.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 10
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 10" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work boldly critiques the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other institutions of its era. Born from a dinner party game at Frederick II's court, the portable volume was designed to fit in one's pocket and make revolutionary ideas accessible to ordinary people. Shaped by Voltaire's experiences in England and events like the Calas affair, the dictionary champions deism, tolerance, and press freedom while challenging religious authority—earning both public acclaim and official censorship across Europe.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 02
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 02" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work challenges religious and social institutions through sharp, often provocative articles. Born from a dinner party game at Frederick II's court, Voltaire crafted a deliberately pocket-sized, affordable text to spread revolutionary ideas. The dictionary reflects his advocacy for tolerance, freedom of press, and deism while criticizing religious fanaticism. Though beloved by Enlightenment rulers and the public, religious authorities condemned it, burning copies across Europe while Voltaire remained calmly anonymous.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 01
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 01" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work criticizes religious institutions and established authorities through pointed, often provocative articles. Beginning as a dinner party game, it evolved into Voltaire's lifelong project—a portable, affordable collection designed to educate and challenge readers. The dictionary champions tolerance, freedom of press, and reason while attacking what Voltaire saw as fanaticism. Though burned by authorities across Europe, it became wildly popular with the public and enlightened rulers alike.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 09
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 09" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work challenges religious and social institutions through essays that critique the Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other establishments. Originally released anonymously as a portable, affordable text, it represents Voltaire's lifelong effort to educate and provoke. The work champions deism, tolerance, and freedom of the press while addressing injustices inspired by events like the Calas affair. Though publicly embraced and quickly sold out, religious authorities condemned it, burning copies across Europe.
Œuvres de Voltaire Tome XIX: Siècle de Louis XIV.—Tome I
"Le Siècle de Louis XIV" by Voltaire is a philosophical work published in 1751. Rather than chronicling the actions of King Louis XIV alone, Voltaire aims to capture the spirit of what he considered the most enlightened century. Structured as a comprehensive catalog, the work lists writers, artists, marshals, ministers, and sovereigns of the era. Through battle accounts, diplomatic maneuvers, and cultural achievements, Voltaire illustrates both the king's encouragement of arts and sciences and the period's apex of human intellect, avoiding mere hagiography to become a genuine historian of seventeenth-century France.
The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII. Romances, Vol. III of III, and A Treatise on Toleration.
"The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII." by Voltaire is a collection of philosophical writings and critiques likely written in the late 18th century. This volume showcases Voltaire's sharp wit and critical examination of society, religion, and government through a series of satirical dialogues and narratives, often using historical and fictional characters to convey complex ideas. At the start of the volume, readers are introduced to André Des Touches, a musician who recounts his experiences in Siam, grappling with peculiar cultural practices and bureaucratic absurdities. Through a conversation between Des Touches and a Siamese commissary named Croutef, the opening portion satirically critiques the illogical governance and judicial systems, characterized by arbitrary punishment and corruption, echoing broader critiques of European societal norms. As the narrative unfolds, it highlights Voltaire's penchant for blending humor with incisive social commentary.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 06
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 06" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work emerged from a dinner party challenge at Frederick II's Prussian court in 1752. Voltaire critiques religious institutions and champions tolerance, deism, and press freedom through compact, accessible articles. Designed to fit in one's pocket, this revolutionary text educated and provoked readers across Enlightenment Europe. While the public eagerly consumed multiple editions, religious authorities condemned it, burning copies in town squares across France and Switzerland.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 05
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 05" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work boldly criticizes the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other institutions of its time. Written to be portable and affordable, Voltaire's dictionary aimed to educate and provoke readers with his views on Christianity, God, morality, and tolerance. The work proved controversial—wildly popular with the public and enlightened rulers, yet despised by religious authorities who burned copies in town squares across Europe.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 03
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 03" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work criticizes the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other institutions through pointed essays. First released anonymously as a portable, affordable text, it was designed to fit in one's pocket and reach a wide audience. The dictionary represents Voltaire's culminating views on Christianity, God, morality, and tolerance, championing deism and freedom of the press while challenging religious intolerance and fanaticism that marked his era.
Candido, o El Optimismo
"Candido, o El Optimismo" by Voltaire is a French satirical novella first published in 1759. Young Candide lives a sheltered life in paradise, taught Leibnizian optimism by his mentor Professor Pangloss, who preaches that "all is for the best" in the "best of all possible worlds." This lifestyle abruptly ends, thrusting Candide into a series of hardships that slowly disillusion him. Through bitter humor and a fast-moving plot, Voltaire ridicules religion, governments, and philosophical optimism itself, ultimately advocating the practical wisdom: "we must cultivate our garden."
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 04
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 04" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work critiques the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Islam, and other institutions through provocative articles. Initially released anonymously as a portable, affordable text, it expanded from 73 to 120 articles across multiple editions. Born from a dinner party challenge at Frederick II's court, this lifelong project synthesizes Voltaire's views on Christianity, God, morality, and tolerance. While embraced by the public and enlightened rulers, religious authorities condemned it, burning copies across Europe.
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 08
"A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 08" by Voltaire is an encyclopedic dictionary published in 1764. This alphabetically arranged work criticizes religious institutions including the Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, and Islam, while advocating for tolerance and freedom of press. Born from a dinner party challenge at Frederick II's court, Voltaire created an affordable, pocket-sized text that educated and provoked simultaneously. Though the public embraced it enthusiastically, religious authorities condemned the work, burning copies in town squares across Europe.
Micromégas
"Micromégas" by Voltaire is a philosophical tale published in 1752. It describes the visit of two giants to Earth: Micromégas from a planet near Sirius, and the secretary of Saturn's Academy. This representative work of the Enlightenment blends social, religious, and moral criticism with scientific observation. It emphasizes philosophical relativism while rejecting metaphysical speculation in favor of empirical experimentation. The tale stands as one of the earliest philosophical stories, challenging human vanity and exploring humanity's place in the universe through reason and scientific inquiry.