The Discovery of Muscovy

by Richard Hakluyt

"The Discovery of Muscovy" by Richard Hakluyt is a historical account written in the late 19th century that chronicles the early maritime voyages between England and Russia during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The narrative focuses on the expedition led by Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor, aimed at establishing trade routes and diplomatic relations with Muscovy, the realm ruled by Ivan the Terrible. At the start of the work, Hakluyt presents a detailed introduction providing context to the geopolitical climate and the motivations behind the voyages. He recounts how merchants in London, faced with dwindling domestic demand, sought new opportunities during a time when wealth from Spain and Portugal had notably increased due to new trade and discovery ventures. The narrative then outlines the preparations for the expedition, including shipbuilding and provisions for the long journey, before detailing Chancellor's interactions with Russian officials following the unforeseen calamity that befell Willoughby and his crew. This opening portion sets the stage for a tale intertwined with the difficulties of exploration and the significance of the first encounters between two distinct cultures, emphasizing themes of bravery, commerce, and the quest for knowledge.