Author
Gilbert Murray
1866-1957
Gilbert Murray (1866-1957) is a public-domain author available on Rivro. Read free books, explore subjects, and discover related classics.
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Books by Gilbert Murray
Ιστορία της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας
"Iστορία της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας" by Gilbert Murray is a scholarly work on ancient Greek literature written in the early 20th century. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Greek literature, focusing on significant authors and texts from antiquity to later periods while accommodating a broader audience beyond specialists in the field. At the start of the book, the translator discusses the changes made to the text, including a shift from polytonic to monotonic orthography, and the inclusion of original Greek texts alongside English translations. He expresses a desire to fill a gap in existing literature by offering a concise history that is both accurate and accessible to a wider readership, much like earlier French and German works. The introduction outlines the rich diversity of Greek writers and their thoughts, emphasizing the importance of examining not only the literary output but also the social, political, and personal contexts in which these authors produced their works.
Five Stages of Greek Religion
"Five Stages of Greek Religion" by Gilbert Murray is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The work explores the evolution and various phases of Greek religion, focusing on the transition from primitive beliefs to the more structured Olympian pantheon and beyond. Murray delves into the connections between ancient Greek religious practices and the broader themes of death, rebirth, and the cyclical nature of life, suggesting that many elements of Greek spirituality have influenced later religious traditions, particularly Christianity. At the start of this examination, the author reflects on the emotional and spiritual significance of religious practices among modern Greeks, particularly during Easter, drawing parallels to ancient rituals. He introduces the concept of the Year Gods—entities that symbolize cyclical death and rebirth like Dionysus and Osiris—explaining how these figures serve as embodiments of life and renewal. Murray outlines initial stages of Greek religious thought, from primitive worship through the Olympian era, and hints at an underlying complexity in the Greek relationship with divinity, suggesting that many of the elements seen in ancient beliefs may continue to resonate in contemporary religious practices.
Euripides and His Age
"Euripides and His Age" by Gilbert Murray is a comprehensive historical analysis written in the early 20th century. This work explores the life and significance of the ancient Greek playwright Euripides, discussing both his contributions to drama and the cultural context of his time. It examines how Euripides's innovative approaches to tragedy reflect the complexities of human experience, as well as his perspectives on society and morality. At the start of the book, the author provides an insightful introduction into Euripides's life, highlighting his background and the ironies of his career, including his posthumous acclaim despite his struggles for recognition during his lifetime. Murray addresses the contrasting views of Euripides as a thinker and a poet, detailing how his works were received by contemporaries and their lasting impact on literature and thought. The opening sets the stage for a deeper examination of Euripides’s plays and the themes that defined his artistry, emphasizing the critical relationship between the playwright and the Athenian society of his day.
The Story of Nefrekepta, from a Demotic Papyrus
"The Story of Nefrekepta, from a Demotic Papyrus" by Gilbert Murray is a verse retelling based on an ancient Egyptian tale, likely composed in the early 20th century. This work draws from a Demotic papyrus that dates back to around 100 B.C. It presents a blend of historical narrative and mystical elements, focusing on themes of love, death, and the pursuit of forbidden knowledge through its portrayal of the titular character, Nefrekepta. The narrative follows the wise priest Setne Khamuas, who becomes enchanted with the legendary Book of Thoth, hidden with the remains of Nefrekepta. The story unfolds with Setne's quest that involves seeking forbidden knowledge, encountering supernatural beings, and facing dire consequences. As he ventures into the tomb of Nefrekepta, he unveils the power of the book, which grants immense knowledge and magical abilities. However, the narrative explores the heavy price of such power, leading to tragic events, including the deaths of those close to Setne, culminating in the ultimate realization of the importance of life, love, and the consequences of one's choices.
The Problem of Foreign Policy A Consideration of Present Dangers and the Best Methods for Meeting Them
"The Problem of Foreign Policy" by Gilbert Murray is a political analysis written in the early 20th century. The work examines the challenges of foreign policy in the aftermath of World War I, focusing primarily on the themes around peace, ethical governance, and the societal impacts of wartime mentality on politics. The author argues for higher standards in political conduct, especially in the context of the League of Nations and the pressing need for international cooperation. At the start of the text, Murray reflects on the disconnection that can occur between the elite's understanding of political issues and the average public opinion. He emphasizes the urgent need for a return to classical standards of integrity and rational governance, highlighting how the war has led to a degradation in political behavior. Murray critiques the handling of post-war treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles, pointing out how punitive measures against Germany could sow the seeds of future conflict. He discusses the moral failings of leaders and foresees potential repercussions if the cycle of revenge persists, advocating instead for a cooperative global approach that prioritizes sustainable peace and the resolution of grievances through dialogue rather than force.
Andromache: A Play in Three Acts
"Andromache: A Play in Three Acts" by Gilbert Murray is a dramatic play written in the early 20th century. This work explores themes of love, revenge, and the consequences of war, centering around the character of Andromache, the widow of Hector from Troy, as she navigates her tumultuous relationships after the fall of Troy. The play is set in the Greek Heroic Age, highlighting the complex intersections of personal desires and the broader historical context of heroism and vengeance. The plot unfolds in three acts, following the lives of Andromache, now a captive of Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, and her son Molossus. The tension begins with Orestes, the son of Agamemnon, who has returned to seek revenge and reclaim his lost bride, Hermione, from Pyrrhus. As Orestes grapples with his inner demons while plotting against Pyrrhus, Hermione is torn between her desire for power and her precarious position as a woman in a patriarchal society. The characters' desperate choices lead to tragedy, resulting in Orestes' confrontation with Pyrrhus, the death of Andromache's son, and a final emotional appeal for peace amidst the sorrow of war's aftermath. The intertwining fates of these characters illuminate the enduring consequences of their desires and the deep scars left by conflict.
The United States and the War
"The United States and the War" by Gilbert Murray is a historical account written in the early 20th century, specifically during World War I. The book explores the relationship between the U.S. and the wider implications of the war, reflecting on the American psyche and the country's stance of neutrality during a time of international conflict. Murray examines the expectations of Britain from America and the complexities rooted in American identity and isolationism. In the book, Murray articulates the frustrations felt by the British towards American reluctance to intervene in the war, illustrating various psychological and cultural factors that contribute to this stance. He discusses historical grievances, America's view of its own isolation and prosperity in contrast to European turmoil, and the inherent contradictions in American foreign policy. The author also presents the potential consequences of American neutrality, alongside a burgeoning movement for preparedness that could culminate in an eventual shift toward global engagement or increased isolation. Throughout, Murray invites the reader to consider the deeper meanings behind national identities and their roles in shaping a world at war.
Carlyon Sahib: A Drama in Four Acts
"Carlyon Sahib: A Drama in Four Acts" by Gilbert Murray is a play set in the late 19th century. The story revolves around Sir David Carlyon, a former Chief Commissioner in India, and his daughter Vera as they navigate complex moral dilemmas, intertwined with themes of imperialism and personal sacrifice. The opening introduces the characters and hints at Carlyon’s controversial past in India, which looms over the present as various figures, including Vera and a young writer named Adene, engage in discussions about history and ethics. The beginning of the play unfolds in the Carlyon household, where Vera tends to her housekeeper Elizabeth. We learn about Vera’s medical studies and her interpersonal dynamics with her father, who appears strong yet harbors secrets from his past in India. Adene arrives, expressing his desire to explore the implications of British actions in Bhojâl, the territory once governed by Carlyon. The act sets up the tension between the idealism of Adene and the pragmatic, often brutal realities of colonial rule represented by Carlyon. This complex interplay of relationships and the stark contrasts between the characters’ ideals and the darker aspects of their experiences hint at the escalating moral conflicts that will be explored throughout the drama.
Great Britain's Sea Policy A Reply to an American Critic, reprinted from 'The Atlantic Monthly'
"Great Britain's Sea Policy" by Gilbert Murray is a historical account written in the early 20th century, specifically during the World War I period. The book serves as a response to critiques surrounding Britain's naval policies, particularly against the backdrop of maritime law and wartime actions. It reflects on the interactions between Great Britain and other nations, especially the United States, as well as the complexities and challenges of maintaining a coherent sea policy amidst global conflict. In the book, Murray critiques Mr. Arthur Bullard's article in the "Atlantic Monthly", which accuses Britain of hypocrisy in its naval conduct during wartime. Murray defends Britain’s actions regarding the Declaration of London, arguing that it was never ratified and thus could not be violated. He discusses the necessity of maintaining naval superiority as an island nation while navigating the intricacies of international law regarding blockades and contraband during the war. Murray also tackles the moral implications of Britain's blockade policies and the harsh realities faced by neutrals, ultimately asserting that while Britain may stretch international law to suit its wartime needs, it is acting in alignment with the practices of many nations in similar circumstances.